Tetrahedron report number 961 Organic reactions in subcritical and supercritical water Nermin Simsek Kus * Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science, Mersin University, 33343 Mersin, Turkey article info Article history: Received 4 October 2011 Available online 29 October 2011 Keywords: Pressured hot water Subcritical water Supercritical water Near-critical water Contents 1. Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 949 2. Properties of water ............................................................ ................................................... 950 3. Synthesis reactions ............................................................ ................................................... 950 3.1. Alkylation reactions ......................................................................................................... 950 3.2. Condensation reactions ....................................................... ............................................... 950 3.3. Coupling reactions .......................................................................................................... 951 3.4. Cyclization reactions ........................................................ ................................................ 951 3.5. Decomposition reactions ..................................................................................................... 952 3.6. Decarboxylation reactions ..................................................... .............................................. 952 3.7. DielseAlder reactions ........................................................ ................................................ 952 3.8. Disproportionation reactions .................................................................................................. 952 3.9. Elimination reactions ........................................................ ................................................ 953 3.10. Ene reactions .............................................................................................................. 953 3.11. Isomerization reactions ...................................................................................................... 953 3.12. HeD exchange reactions ...................................................... .............................................. 953 3.13. Hydrogenation/dehydrogenation reactions ..................................................................................... 954 3.14. Hydrolysis reactions ........................................................ ................................................ 954 3.15. Oxidation reactions .......................................................................................................... 955 3.16. Organometallic reactions ..................................................... .............................................. 955 3.17. Rearrangement reactions ...................................................... .............................................. 955 3.18. Transformation reactions ..................................................... .............................................. 956 4. Conclusions ...................................................................................................................... 956 References and notes ............................................................................................................... 957 Biographical sketch ................................................................................................................ 958 1. Introduction There are many important studies of the extraordinary proper- ties of subcritical and supercritical water for chemical reactions in the literature. 1e5 The term ‘superheated water’ refers to liquid * Corresponding author. Tel.: þ90 3243610001; fax: þ90 3243610046; e-mail address: simner@mersin.edu.tr. Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Tetrahedron journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/tet 0040-4020/$ e see front matter Ó 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.tet.2011.10.070 Tetrahedron 68 (2012) 949e958