Health, 2016, 8, 818-826
Published Online June 2016 in SciRes. http://www.scirp.org/journal/health
http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/health.2016.89087
How to cite this paper: Krasilnikov, I., Maximova, K., Korotkova, A., Stachenko, S., Vienonen, M., Ivanova, A., Koistinen, V.
and Vohlonen, I. (2016) International Comparison of Intercity Differences in Premature Deaths: Pyll-Rates in Canada, Fin-
land and Russia 2010. Health, 8, 818-826. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/health.2016.89087
International Comparison of Intercity
Differences in Premature Deaths: Pyll-Rates
in Canada, Finland and Russia 2010
Igor Krasilnikov
1
, Katerina Maximova
2
, Anna Korotkova
3
, Sylvie Stachenko
2
,
Mikko Vienonen
4
, Alla Ivanova
3
, Veli Koistinen
4
, Ilkka Vohlonen
5
1
Epidemiology Medical Informatics and Analyses Center, Saint Petersburg, Russia
2
School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
3
Russian Federal Institute of Public Health, Moscow, Russia
4
Health Policy Finnish Consulting Group, Helsinki, Finland
5
University of Eastern Finland and Finnish Consulting Group, Kuopio, Finland
Received 28 April 2016; accepted 12 June 2016; published 15 June 2016
Copyright © 2016 by authors and Scientific Research Publishing Inc.
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY).
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Abstract
Background: Potential years of life lost (PYLL) rate describes the number of years lost due to pre-
ventable premature death in a population. This is equal to the loss of human capital. Cause-specific
PYLL-rates provide information for public health policy. Methods: PYLL-rate is calculated as an
absolute difference between the age at death and the assumed length of life. Causes of preventable
deaths are defined and classified according to International Classification of Diseases version 10
(ICD-10) as determined by World Health Organization. PYLL rate is age-standardized and ex-
pressed per 100,000 persons. Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)
standard of 70 years was applied as the expected length of life in Saint Petersburg (Russia), Ed-
monton (Canada), and Helsinki (Finland). Results: There were very big differences in PYLL rates of
all causes of death between the countries compared. Total PYLL-rates were the lowest in Helsinki,
slightly higher in Edmonton, and the highest in Saint Petersburg. The intercity differences in the
total of PYLL-rates were considerably smaller among women than men. In each city, the three
most prevalent causes of premature death were injuries, cancer and cardiovascular diseases.
Magnitudes of these causes varied between the three cities. Conclusions: PYLL rate provides com-
parable and sensitive information about the health related well-being of a population concerning
all preventable causes of death as well as cause-specific premature deaths. The study demon-
strates that the reduction of cause-specific PYLL-rates is possible. It provides supplementary in-
formation for planning of health policies and evaluation of effectiveness of past interventions. Re-
sults demonstrate that these actions need to differ between countries and localities.