Research Article Hydroethanolic Extract of Strychnos pseudoquina Accelerates Skin Wound Healing by Modulating the Oxidative Status and Microstructural Reorganization of Scar Tissue in Experimental Type I Diabetes Mariáurea M. Sarandy, 1 Rômulo D. Novaes, 2 Antônio A. Xavier, 3 Camilo E. Vital, 4 João P. V. Leite, 3 Fabiana C. S. A. Melo, 5 and Reggiani V. Gonçalves 5 1 Department of General Biology, Federal University of Vic ¸osa, 35570-000 Vic ¸osa, MG, Brazil 2 Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Structural Biology, Federal University of Alfenas, 37130-001 Alfenas, MG, Brazil 3 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Vic ¸osa, 35570-000 Vic ¸osa, MG, Brazil 4 Center of Biomolecules Analysis (NuBioMol), Federal University of Vic ¸osa, 35570-000 Vic ¸osa, MG, Brazil 5 Department of Animal Biology, Federal University of Vic ¸osa, 35570-000 Vic ¸osa, MG, Brazil Correspondence should be addressed to Reggiani V. Gonc ¸alves; reggysvilela@yahoo.com.br Received 15 April 2017; Revised 28 June 2017; Accepted 13 July 2017; Published 13 September 2017 Academic Editor: Antoni Camins Copyright © 2017 Mari´ aurea M. Sarandy et al. Tis is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Te efect of topical application of ointment based on Strychnos pseudoquina hydroethanolic extract in the cutaneous wounds healing in diabetic rats was evaluated. Samples of S. pseudoquina were submitted to phytochemical prospection and in vitro antioxidant assay. Tirty Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups: Sal-wounds treated with 0.9% saline solution; VH-wounds treated with 0.6 g of lanolin cream (vehicle); SS-wounds treated with silver sulfadiazine cream (10 mg/g); ES5- and ES10-wounds treated with an ointment of S. pseudoquina extract, 5% and 10%, respectively. Fragments of wounds were removed for histological and biochemical analysis every 7 days during 21 days. ES showed equivalent levels per gram of extract of total phenols and favonoids equal to 122.04 mg for TAE and 0.60 mg for RE. Te chlorogenic acid was one of the major constituents. S. pseudoquina extract presented high antioxidant potential in vitro. ES5 and ES10 showed higher wound healing rate and higher amount of cells, blood vessels, and type III and I collagen. Te oxidative stress markers were lower in the ES5 and ES10 groups, while the antioxidants enzymes levels were higher. Ointment based on S. pseudoquina extract promotes a fast and efcient cutaneous repair in diabetic rats. 1. Introduction Wound healing is a complex and organized process char- acterized by tissue changes, which include increased vascu- larization, cell proliferation, and extracellular matrix syn- thesis [1, 2]. Tese mechanisms not only accelerate wound healing, but also are responsible for restoring injured tissue function [3]. Te cutaneous repair process can be divided into four complementary phases. Te frst phase is known as hemostasis [4], the second as infammatory [5, 6], the third as proliferative, and the fourth as remodeling [3, 7]. Te cells recruited in the infammatory phase are responsible for cytokines and growth factors release that will mediate the processes of migration, proliferation, and cell diferentiation that are typical of the proliferative phase [8, 9]. Among cytokines and growth factors released during the infammatory phase we can highlight proinfammatory mediators such as interleukin-1 (IL-1), TNF-, and IFN-, which stimulate the diapedesis and cell proliferation [10]. Some mediators, like TGF-, are preformed in the organism [11, 12] and produced by diferent cells, which are responsible for cellular chemotaxis and the production of vessels and fbers, accelerating the tissue remodeling process [13, 14]. Te tissue events stimulated by TGF- provide proper nutrition and energy for cells to synthesize a new extracellular matrix Hindawi BioMed Research International Volume 2017, Article ID 9538351, 11 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/9538351