Abstract--This research article deals with the two closed loop
speed control techniques namely Vector Control and Direct
Torque Control for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor
Drive. These two control techniques are critically evaluated for
the performance comparison in terms of starting response,
steady state response and transient condition. The simulation
models of the two controllers are developed in Matlab/Simulink
and experimental verification is obtained on Digital Signal
Processor based hardware setup. The implementation algorithms
are developed in assembly codes and power circuit is realized
with standard Voltage Source Inverter. The simulation and
experimental results shows close agreements and provide good
inside for the evaluation of these two control techniques.
Index Terms-- Digital Signal Processor, Direct Torque
Control, Evaluation, Implementation, Permanent Magnet
Synchronous Motor, Vector Control, Voltage Source Inverter.
I. INTRODUCTION
HE Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) now
a days becoming more and more popular due to its higher
energy efficiency, higher torque to weight ratio, higher life
and recent development in permanent magnet technology. The
high efficiency and high torque density make PMSM as a
good competitor of Induction Motor Drive. Unlike the
induction motors, which can run with fixed frequency AC
mains, special techniques are needed for PMSM
synchronization between the frequency of AC excitation
source and the position of the rotor magnets. Therefore,
PMSMs are particularly advantageous for variable speed drive
(VSD) application where cost of power electronics can be
justified by the inherent advantages like attractive efficiency
and fast dynamic response of the PMSM drives [1-5].
Moreover, the availability of low-cost power electronic
devices and the improvement of PM characteristics enable the
use of PM motors even in some more demanding applications.
In the closed loop speed control mode PMSM utilizes two
high-performance control techniques which are Vector
Control (VC) [6-10] and direct torque control (DTC) [11-16].
These control techniques are invented respectively in the 70’s
and in the 80’s for Induction Motor Drive which are well
situated for PMSM control also.
The vector control technique invented by Blaschke [4] in
Sanjeet Dwivedi is with Control Engineering Design Center Denmark,
Danfoss Power Electronics A/s, DK 6300, Denmark (e-mail:
sanjeet@danfoss.com).
Bhim Singh is with the Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian
Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016 India (e-mail:
bsingh@ee.iitd.ac.in).
978-1-4244-7781-4/10/$26.00 ©2010 IEEE
1970’s which is also known as Field Oriented Control (FOC).
It is used to control the space vector of magnetic flux, current
and voltage. In this technique the stator current is decomposed
into flux and torque producing components for obtaining the
decoupled control of PMSM drive in a way similar to the
separately excited DC motor. Takahashi et. al. [11] and
Depenbrock [12] have invented the DTC scheme for the
control of induction motors in the mid of 1980’s, since then it
is becoming popular due to its simple control and easy
implementation. For high performance control of PMSM,
many researchers have explored the DTC scheme.
The DTC has advantages over the vector control as it is
simple owing to the absence of PWM current controller, good
robustness to parameter variation, less sensitive to external
disturbances, needs no reference frame transformation, only
sector wise rotor position information is needed, and most
importantly, it has also good dynamic response [11-13]. These
two control techniques are extensively used in the industrial
application and therefore it is necessary to evaluate the
performance of these two methods. In this work a critical
comparison is made considering the starting response,
transient response, load perturbation responses and transient
response of PMSM drive.
This paper presents modeling, simulation and
implementation of these two control techniques for Interior
PMSM (IPMSM). These two control methods are evaluated
based on simulation and experimental responses. The salient
features of these two control techniques are also presented for
comparison
In this work, these two control schemes vector and direct
torque control are developed for PMSM drive, which uses
minimum number of components employing a dedicated
motion control DSP (ADMC401) developed by Analog
Devices (AD) for power electronics and motion control
applications [18]. The control performances of these two
methods are analyzed with simulated and experimental test
results obtained from developed hardware for PMSM drive.
II. DESCRIPTION OF PMSM DRIVE SYSTEM
The Fig.1 shows the basic building blocks of the vector
controlled PMSM drive. The DTC building blocks are shown
in Fig.2. The drive consists of speed controller, resolver Sin
and Cos position signals demodulation circuit, current sensors,
current controlled pulse width modulator (CC-PWM), the
PMSM and IGBT based VSI. The rotor speed (ω
r
) is
compared with the reference speed (ω
r
*). The error in speed
(ω
e
) is processed in the PI speed controller, which generates
the reference torque (T
k
*). In vector control drive this
reference torque is limited using a limiter and the limited
reference torque (T
ref
*) is used to generate q-axis reference
T
Vector Control Vs Direct Torque Control
Comparative Evaluation for PMSM Drive
Sanjeet Dwivedi, Senior Member, IEEE, and Bhim Singh, Fellow, IEEE