Citation: Bhagat, R.B. and K. Kumar (2011) ‘Ageing in India : Trend and Patterns’ in Ageing in India : Some Emerging Issues, Edited by K.N.S. Yadava and Alok Kumar, Manak Publications, New Delhi, pp. 19-37, 2011. Ageing in India: Trend and Patterns R.B. Bhagat Professor and Head Department of Migration and Urban Studies International Institute for Population Sciences Mumbai-400088 Email: rbbhagat@iips.net Kaushalendra Kumar Assistant Professor (adhoc) International Institute for Population Sciences Mumbai-400088 Introduction Population ageing is the outcome of declining mortality and fertility and is closely associated with demographic transition. It can thus profoundly change the age structure of population by increasing the proportion of aged and decreasing the proportion of child in total population. Mortality decline increases life expectancy and the number of survivors and thereby directly contributes to the size of aged population. On the other hand, fertility decline alters the age ratios and contributes to population ageing (Dandekar1996: 19).