Y. Shi et al. (Eds.): ICCS 2007, Part III, LNCS 4489, pp. 1138–1145, 2007.
© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2007
An Elastoplastic Hydro-mechanical Model for
Unsaturated Soils
De’an Sun and Li Xiang
Department of Civil Engineering, Shanghai University, 149 Yanchang Road,
Shanghai 200072, China
Sundean06@163.com
Abstract. This paper presents a coupled elastoplastic constitutive model for
predicting the hydraulic and stress-strain-strength behaviour of unsaturated
soils. Hydraulic hysteresis in the water-retention behaviour is modeled as an
elastoplastic process with the elastic region of the saturation degree. The effect
of change in degree of saturation on the stress-strain-strength behaviour and the
effect of change in void ratio on the water-retention behaviour are taken into
consideration in the model, in addition to the effect of suction on the hydraulic
and mechanical behaviour. Model predictions of the stress-strain and water-
retention behaviour are compared with those obtained from triaxial tests on
unsaturated soil along isotropic compression, triaxial stress paths with or
without variation in suction.
Keywords: Unsaturated soil, elastoplastic model, water-retention curve,
suction, triaxial test.
1 Introduction
Since the model was proposed by Alonso et al. [1], several elastoplastic constitutive
models for unsaturated soils have been proposed, on both the experimental and
theoretical studies. In the early models, the stress state variables employed in most
models for unsaturated soils are the net stress (the difference between total stress and
pore-air pressure) and the suction (the difference between pore-air pressure and pore-
water pressure). In these models, the influence of unsaturation on the soil behaviour is
considered through the variable of suction and the degree of saturation is computed
from the suction using the soil-water characteristic curve. Hydraulic hysteresis which
accounts for irreversible behaviour between the suction and the saturation is usually
not considered in these constitutive models. Another shortcoming of these models is
related to their implementation into existing finite element codes for saturated soils
where constitutive relations are always described in terms of effective stresses. As
discussed by Sheng et al [4], using the average skeleton stress and the suction as the
stress variables leads to a convenient implementation of unsaturated soil models into
finite element codes working with effective stresses, whereas using the net stress and
the suction is more appropriate for finite element codes working with total stress.