Int J Thermophys (2013) 34:1845–1864
DOI 10.1007/s10765-013-1500-5
Exploratory Characterization of a Perfluoropolyether
Oil as a Possible Viscosity Standard at Deepwater
Production Conditions of 533 K and 241 MPa
Hseen O. Baled · Deepak Tapriyal · Bryan D. Morreale ·
Yee Soong · Isaac Gamwo · Val Krukonis ·
Babatunde A. Bamgbade · Yue Wu · Mark A. McHugh ·
Ward A. Burgess · Robert M. Enick
Received: 29 January 2013 / Accepted: 13 August 2013 / Published online: 29 August 2013
© Springer Science+Business Media New York 2013
Abstract DuPont’s perfluoropolyether oil Krytox
®
GPL 102 is a promising candidate
for the high-temperature, high-pressure Deepwater viscosity standard (DVS). The
preferred DVS is a thermally stable liquid that exhibits a viscosity of roughly 20 mPa · s
at 533 K and 241 MPa; a viscosity value representative of light oils found in ultra-deep
formations beneath the deep waters of the Gulf of Mexico. A windowed rolling-
ball viscometer designed by our team is used to determine the Krytox
®
GPL 102
viscosity at pressures to 245 MPa and temperatures of 311 K, 372 K, and 533 K. At
533 K and 243 MPa, the Krytox
®
GPL 102 viscosity is (27.2 ± 1.3) mPa · s. The
rolling-ball viscometer viscosity results for Krytox
®
GPL 102 are correlated with
an empirical 10-parameter surface fitting function that yields an MAPD of 3.9 %. A
Couette rheometer is also used to measure the Krytox
®
GPL 102 viscosity, yielding
H. O. Baled · D. Tapriyal · B. D. Morreale · Y. Soong · I. Gamwo ·
B. A. Bamgbade · Y. Wu · M. A. McHugh · W. A. Burgess · R. M. Enick
National Energy Technology Laboratory, Office of Research and Development,
Department of Energy, Pittsburgh, PA 15236, USA
H. O. Baled · R. M. Enick (B )
Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh,
1249 Benedum Engineering Hall, 3700 O’Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
e-mail: rme@pitt.edu
D. Tapriyal
URS, NETL Site Support Contractor, Pittsburgh, PA 15236, USA
V. Krukonis
Phasex Corporation, Lawrence, MA 01843, USA
B. A. Bamgbade · Y. Wu · M. A. McHugh
Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University,
Richmond, VA 23284, USA
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