80 Int. J. Technology Enhanced Learning, Vol. 9, No. 1, 2017 Copyright © 2017 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd. Awareness of ICT capabilities, digital literacy, and use of reflective processes in children who received their first home computer Gila Cohen Zilka Department for Teaching Social Studies, Citizenship, Sociology and Communication, Bar-Ilan University and Department for training tutors and mentors to work with children at risk, Achva Academic College, Ha-Zayit st. 106, Emunim 79265, Israel Email: gila.zilka@gmail.com Abstract: Desktop PCs and tablets were distributed to children who did not have a computer at home to allow them equal opportunity. The objectives of the study were to examine whether children showed awareness of the potential of information and communication technology (ICT) after receiving a computer; whether it awakened in them a need for information and for searching for it; whether they prepared school assignments on the home computer; whether reflective processes were integrated in their computer work, etc. A total of 1248 respondents across Israel were assessed in two rounds. During the second round, 128 interviews were conducted with the children. Findings of this mixed method study showed that digital literacy and children’s awareness of the potential of ICT have increased considerably while the computer was accessible to them. Significant differences were found in the work children performed on the computer, in reflective processes, in preparing homework, and in searching the more so among children who received tablets. Keywords: children; computer; constructivism; desktop computer-hybrid computers; digital divide; digital literacy; disadvantaged populations; equal opportunity; e-Readiness; ICT; ICT awareness; information and communication technology; reflection; tablet; technology. Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Zilka, G.C. (2017) ‘Awareness of ICT capabilities, digital literacy, and use of reflective processes in children who received their first home computer’ Int. J. Technology Enhanced Learning, Vol. 9, No. 1, pp.80–98. Biographical note: Gila Cohen Zilka, PhD, is the Director of the Department for Teaching Social Studies and Communication at Bar-Ilan University and also the Head of the program for training mentors to work with children at risk, Achva Academic College, Israel. Zilka’s research mainly focuses on ICT, children in the digital environment and communication in the diversified media. The digital environment offers our children a vast amount of information, many behavioural models, and a new type of social communication. On the one hand, digital environment opens them to new horizons for personal and social development. On the other hand, these new