American Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences 2018, 8(3): 49-53
DOI: 10.5923/j.ajmms.20180803.03
The Relationship between Umbilical Obesity and
Coronary Atherosclerosis Study in Monozygotic Goat
Twins
Evren Burşuk
1
, Omer Mehmet Erzengin
2
, Esra Erzengin Ozdemir
3
, Faruk Erzengin
4,*
1
Program of Biomedical Technologies, University of Istanbul, Vocational School of Technical Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
2
Department of Gynecology, University of Istanbul, Veterinary Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
3
Department of Business (Statistical), University of Beykent, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
4
Department of Cardiology, Previous Dean, University of Istanbul, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
Abstract We have recently proved that; there is a close relationship between umbilical obesity and coronary
atherosclerocalcifications. We have investigated 36 monozygotic male goat twins relationship between umbilical obesity
and coronary atherosclerosis. Randomly selected 12 goats were left to graze in open pasture (B), and the remaining 24 were
kept in stables and pens (A), and fed the identical feed. The A group goats were observed having all umbilical obesity and
also after slaughter process, more prominent epicardial fat tissue were seen macroscopically. The remaining unslaughtered
12 goats of Group A were treated for atherosclerosis for 6 months, using a combination of drug. All of the Group A goats
had indicators of obesity in their body and visible epicardial fat tissue was observed, atherosclerocalcific plaques were
found in the coronary artery, and some narrowing was observed in artery lumens. Making a comparison between Group A
and Group B was found statistically significant (p=00001) our results. The remaining 12 goats were treated for
atherosclerosis for 6 months, using a combination of drugs. Following the treatments, very little epicardial fat tissue was
observed, and 8 of the goats had perfectly normal coronary arteries with the remaining four having minimal atherosclerosis
plaques. The Group A goats had significant obesity unlike Group B as well as epicardial fat tissue and significant coronary
atherosclerocalcifications. Moreover, the unslaughtered ones of Group A were treated with ideal drugs, epicardial fat tissue
and coronary atherosclerosis declined significantly compared to their co-twins that did not receive this treatment.
Keywords Umbilical obesity, Coronary atherosclerosis, Pericardial fat
1. Introduction
Despite the steady progress in the treatment of
atherosclerotic and atherothrombotic cardiovascular
diseases, coronary artery diseases and myocardial
infarctions continue to be significant causes of morbidity
and mortality, especially in industrialized countries. The
term atherosclerosis refers to the thickened and hardened
lesions, which have lipids and at the end calcifications in
the intimae and media of elastic and muscular arteries. To
date, the primary cause of arterial atherosclerotic
calcifications has not yet been elucidated. It is generally
accepted that atherosclerotic and calcified lesions first
appear and develop within the innermost layer of the
arteries (at the intimae) (Figure 1).
* Corresponding author:
farukerzengin@gmail.com (Faruk Erzengin)
Published online at http://journal.sapub.org/ajmms
Copyright © 2018 Scientific & Academic Publishing. All Rights Reserved
Lumen
Epithelium
Lipids
Intimae
Media Adventitia
Figure 1. Classical pathway and accumulation of the lipids core in the
intimae have been shown in this figure
Formation and progression of atherosclerotic plaques and
calcifications in all arterial beds of intimae have been well
documented by AHA (American Heart Association) and
many authors, such as V. Fuster and E. Falk [1-4], who
subdivided the formation and progression of these plaques
into several phases. As known, atherosclerosis plays a
major role in development of arterial calcification.
Non-conjugated matrix GLA and osteonegrin proteins are
also effective in the formation of this calcification [5-7].
Most lipids deposited in atherosclerotic lesions