Solid State Technology Volume: 64 Issue: 2 Publication Year: 2021 Archives Available @ www.solidstatetechnology.us 3293 Passive Copy-Move Image Forgery Detection Techniques: A Study Tawheed Jan Shah Department of Electronics and Inst. Technology University of Kashmir Srinagar, India tawheedjan@gmail.com M. Tariq Banday Department of Electronics and Inst. Technology University of Kashmir Srinagar, India sgrmtb@yahoo.com Abstract—Due to the tremendous technological development in the digital world, there is a proliferation in the popularity of digital images in all spheres of human life. However, the introduction of state of the art Digital Image-Editing Software packages such as Pic Monkey, Adobe Lightroom, Corel PaintShop, Skylum Luminar, etc. have made image forgery non-observable and much easier than earlier times. Thus, there is a need for image authentication and forgery detection. This paper presents the active and passive image forgery detection techniques in use and then draws a comparative study of several existing passive frequency-based copy-move forgery detection approaches depending on evaluation metrics such as precision, recall and F-Measure. This paper also discusses the various forgery detection datasets with their features, advantages, and disadvantages along with the different practical evaluation metrics used by researchers for assessing the performance of the image forgery detection algorithms. Keywords— Digital Image Forensics, Image Authentication, Passive Copy-Move Forgery, Geometric Transformation, DCT I.INTRODUCTION Currently, digital images are considered as one of the most prominently used information distribution medium because they can strongly influence the viewers by storing pictorial memory and evidence. But at the same time, these images can be used as a misleading tool for hiding facts and evidences by creating the forged version of the same images. The concept of image forgery is not new to the humans. In the past, the process of image forgery was very much challenging and time consuming because of the availability of limited image editing software packages at that time. However, with the advancement of image editing software tools and devices, it became very easy to alter the image to such a perfection that