Sys Rev Pharm 2021;12(1):520-525 A multifaceted review journal in the field of pharmacy 520 Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy Vol 12, Issue 1, January 2021 The Effect of Magnesium Supplement among Pregnant Women with Hypomagnesemia and Normal Magnesium Dovy Djanas 1* , Syahredi 1 , Bobby Indra Utama 1 , Roza Sriyanti 1 , Syntia Ambelina 1 , Try Genta Utama 1 , Heri Farnas 1 , Calvindra Leenesa 1 , Zulfia Wahyuni 1 , Ricvan Dana Nindrea 2 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dr. M Djamil General Hospital/ Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Andalas, Padang City, Indonesia 2 Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Andalas, Padang City, Indonesia Corresponding author: Dovy Djanas E-mail: dovydjanasmd@gmail.com ABSTRACT Magnesium treatment during pregnancy can increase the quality of pregnancy and fetus. This study was performed to determine the effect of magnesium supplements among pregnant women with hypomagnesemia and normal magnesium. This study was experimental with a pre-test and post-test control group design. A total of 90 pregnant women who regularly take control of maternal and child health polyclinic, Primary Health Care, Padang City, Indonesia. The sample was composed of three groups (hypomagnesemia, normal magnesium in interventional groups, and normal magnesium in the control group). The intervention group with supplementation of magnesium 365 mg/ day during pregnancy starting at 22 weeks to 36 weeks. The control group received Fe tablets 180 mg/ day at the same time as the intervention group. In the third trimester of pregnancy blood samples were taken for examination of post-intervention magnesium in all groups. A paired sample T-test was used for statistical analysis. A p-value <0.05 was described as statistically significant. Data were processed by SPSS version 20.0. There were 33.3% of subjects with hypomagnesemia before magnesium supplementation, but after magnesium supplementation, there were 12.2%. In the normal magnesium in interventional groups, there was an increase in the number of subjects with normal magnesium from 66.7% to 87.8%. The highest elevated magnesium levels in the hypomagnesemia intervention group (0.34 mg/dl) compared to the intervention in the normal magnesium group (0.29 mg/dl). There was an effect of magnesium supplements among pregnant women with hypomagnesemia (p<0.05). This study confirmed the effect of magnesium supplements among pregnant women with hypomagnesemia. Keywords: Magnesium, pregnant women, hypomagnesemia, normal magnesium Correspondence: Dovy Djanas Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dr. M Djamil General Hospital/ Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Andalas, Padang City, Indonesia E-mail: dovydjanasmd@gmail.com INTRODUCTION Maternal causing death in Indonesia is still dominated by bleeding (30.13%), hypertension in pregnancy (27.1%), and infections (7.3%). While infant mortality is caused by low birth weight (10.5%), intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) (19.8%) and preterm labor (18.5%) [1]. One effort that can be done to prevent maternal and infant mortality rates are the fulfillment of nutritional needs. Good nutrition during pregnancy will support the success of the pregnancy. The mother's nutritional needs during pregnancy are micronutrients. The adequacy of these micronutrients can not only be fulfilled in the form of direct food but can be through food supplements. One micronutrient that plays a role in pregnancy is magnesium (Mg) which plays an important role in forming new tissues (maternal and fetal). Pregnant women need a higher magnesium intake than women who are not pregnant at the same age. Magnesium levels (normal 1.8 - 2.2 mg/dl) decreased during pregnancy, due to increased need and excretion of magnesium in the kidneys [2]. Magnesium supplementation during pregnancy can increase the quality of pregnancy and fetus. This is because magnesium supplementation during pregnancy can reduce the risk of preterm labor, IUGR, prevention, and management of seizures in preeclampsia and eclampsia in pregnancy, and reduce the incidence of maternal and neonatal care in hospitals [3-5]. MATERIALS AND METHODS Study design and research sample This study was experimental with a pre-test and post-test control group design. This research was conducted from June 2019 - May 2020. A total of 90 pregnant women who regularly take control of maternal and child health polyclinic, Primary Health Care, Padang City, Indonesia. The sample was composed of three groups ; (A) hypomagnesemia in an interventional group, (B) normal magnesium in an interventional group, and (C) normal magnesium in the control group. Inclusion criteria were willing to be the subject of research, a single live fetus, pregnant women aged 20-35 years, 22 weeks gestational age, never had a history of hypertension, kidney disease, a history of heart disease, diabetes mellitus, not suffering from severe anemia, no fetal anomalies, no smoking habits, no drinking habits and patients who consume Fe tablets until the end of pregnancy. Operational definitions The variables in this study were magnesium levels measured using Bioassay (Magnesium Kit), while magnesium status was measured using a spectrophotometric method with measurement results a) hypomagnesemia, if serum magnesium levels were <1.9 mg/dl; b) normal, if the serum magnesium level were ≥ 1.9 mg/dl. Ethical approval This study was approved by the ethics committee of the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Andalas, Padang, Indonesia with No. 214/KEP/FK/2019.