Research Article Cycloplegic Effects on the Cylindrical Components of the Refraction Athar Zareei , Milad Abdolahian , and Shahram Bamdad Poostchi Ophthalmology Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Correspondence should be addressed to Shahram Bamdad; shahrambamdad@yahoo.com Received 1 September 2020; Revised 11 March 2021; Accepted 25 March 2021; Published 5 April 2021 Academic Editor: Alessandro Meduri Copyright © 2021 Athar Zareei et al. is is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. It is important to predict which astigmatic patients require separate refraction for near vision. is study compared cylindrical componentschangesbycyclopentolate1%forthelowandhighamountofastigmatism.erighteyesof1014healthyindividuals (307 males and 707 females) with cylindrical refractive power more than −0.5 diopter on autorefractometer were selected. Both male and female patients in the age range of 17–45 years were refracted before and after cycloplegia, using 1% cyclopentolate. All volunteers were classified into 2 subgroups including the lower astigmatism group (−2.25 to −0.50) and the higher astigmatic group (−2.50 to over). Alpines’ method was used to compare the effect of cycloplegic drop on cylindrical power. e mean age in the lower astigmatism group (29.58; 95% CI: 29.18 to 29.99 years) was not significantly different from the higher astigmatic group (29.85; 95% CI: 29.07 to 30.62) and there were no significant differences in gender between these two groups (P � 0.54). Differences between wet and dry refraction in J0 (−0.03; 95% CI:−0.06 to −0.008) and J45 (−0.03; 95% CI:−0.06 to −0.01) were significantonlyinthehigherastigmaticgroup.Axischangesbythecycloplegicdropinthelowerastigmatismgroupwere3.51(CI: 3.22to3.81)andaxischangesbythecycloplegicdropinthehigherastigmatismgroupwere2.21(CI:1.73to2.49).Inpatientswith a lower amount of astigmatism (−2.25 to −0.50), additional near subjective refraction could be done for precise determination of axis and in patients with a higher amount of astigmatism (−2.50 to over), near subjective refraction might be done for precise determination of power. 1. Introduction In clinical practice, astigmatism is a common refractive condition. Although lots of investigations have been performed into the possible etiology of astigmatism, no single model or theory of the decisive development of astigmatism has been found. Despite extensive research, the exact cause of astigmatism is still not known. One potential explanation behind astigmatic development would be a hereditary etiology. e studies into genetics and astigmatism do cause controversies. Some degree of astigmatismheritabilitywasindicatedinsomestudiesand s an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance has also been identified. It seems that both genetic and environ- mental factors play roles in astigmatic developments. Otherenvironmentalpossiblecauseswouldbethetension of extraocular muscles, eyelid pressure on the cornea, and visual tasks in which astigmatism develops in response to visualcues.Inanumberofethnicgroupsanddiseases,the interaction between the cornea and the eyelids appears to be a possible reason for increased astigmatism. Studies show that the eyelids pathology and eyelid pressures during reading could also cause changes in corneal astigmatism [1]. Research into high astigmatism children shows that eyelids affect the axis and degree of corneal astigmatism [2]. Although it is clear that the eyelids can have an influence on corneal shape, there is still no evi- dence that conclusively shows that eyelids pressures cause corneal astigmatism. Atbirth,childrenexhibitahighincidenceofastigmatism whichiscornealinorigin.Aschildrengrowolder,thecornea flattens with significantly reduced astigmatism. Over the age Hindawi Journal of Ophthalmology Volume 2021, Article ID 8810782, 6 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/8810782