Open Access Maced J Med Sci. 2022 Jan 27; 10(D):91-97. 91 Scientifc Foundation SPIROSKI, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences. 2022 Jan 27; 10(D):91-97. https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2022.8398 eISSN: 1857-9655 Category: D - Dental Sciences Section: Dental Pathology and Endodontics Debridement Ability of TruNatomy, S-One Plus, and Other Single File Systems Duaa Waleed* , Bahar Jaafar Selivany Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Duhok, Duhok, Iraq Abstract BACKGROUND: Rotary nickel titanium instrument are an essential part of endodontic treatment, it is important to compare the root canal cleaning ability of these instruments. AIM: This study aimed to compare the amount of smear and debris layer remained following the use of four rotary instruments with an irrigant solution: TruNatomy (TRN), Protaper Next (PTN), S-One Plus and Wave One Gold (WOG). METHODS: A total of 80 extracted mandibular premolars were used and decoronated to the cemento-enamel junction. The roots were randomly divided into four groups of 20 specimens each. The roots were instrumented according to the manufacturer’s instructions of each fle, the root canals were irrigated with sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), Ethylene-diaminete-traacetic acid (EDTA) and Normal saline with each fle use, two grooves were prepared on the buccal and lingual surfaces by disc to facilitate vertical splitting with a chisel. The presence of the smear layer and the debris layer were evaluated under Scanning Electron Microscope. RESULTS: Trunatomy remove the smear layer substantially better than PTN and S-one Plus. Wave one gold signifcantly removes smear layer better PTN. The amount of debris remained in TruNatomy group was signifcantly lower than other groups, all experimental fles signifcantly removes the smear layer and debris layer better in the middle and coronal thirds compared to apical third. CONCLUSION: TruNatomy showed better cleaning capacity than all other experimental groups and all experimental groups demonstrated better cleanliness at the coronal and middle third of the roots. Edited by: Katerina Spiroska Citation: Waleed D, Selivany BJ. Debridement Ability of TruNatomy, S-One Plus, and Other Single File Systems. Open Access Maced J Med Sci. 2022 Jan 27; 10(D):91-97. https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2022.8398 Keywords: Smear layer; SEM; TruNatomy; Wave one gold; S-one plus *Correspondence: Duaa Waleed, Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Duhok, Duhok, Iraq. E-mail: duaabarwary7@gmail.com Received: 26-Dec-2021 Revised: 14-Jan-2022 Accepted: 17-Jan-2022 Copyright: © 2022 Duaa Waleed, Bahar Jaafar Selivany Funding: This research did not receive any fnancial support Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist Open Access: This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution- NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0) Introduction A biomechanical debridement of the root canal system is required during the root canal instrumentation, which combines mechanical instrumentation with chemical disinfection to eradicate the majority of infective micro-organisms, as well as inorganic contaminant debris and dentin, from the root canal system. Cleaning and shaping the root canal system not only removes micro-organisms but permits better adaptation of the flling material, also enhances the action of irrigants and intracanal medicaments [1], [2], [3]. The invention and diversifcation of multiple rotary nickel-titanium fle systems, characterized by super-elasticity and employed under well-defned torque and speed values, as well as diverse types of rotary movement (constant, reciprocal) were used to achieve this goal, to produce a tapered root canal with minimal chance of the original canal being transported and improves its cleaning and shaping ability [4], [5]. When rotary or hand fles are used in root canals, a signifcant amount of debris and a smear layer are commonly produced. Any material left between the canal wall and the root canal flling may prevent intimate adaptation between them and may provide space for bacterial leakage and proliferation [6]. Dentin particles, remnants of living or necrotic pulp tissues, bacterial components, and retained irrigants make up the smear layer, which is a 1 to 2 µm thick surface coating [7]. The smear layer is a “muddy” layer, whereas the surface debris has a “dusty” pattern [8]. Debris and smear layer were regarded as criteria to evaluate the cleaning ability. TruNatomy heat-treated NiTi instruments (TRN; Dentsply Sirona) were recently created and are available in three sizes: small; size 20, 0.04 taper, prime; size 26, 0.04 taper, and medium; size 36, 0.03 taper. The TRN instrument has a slip shaping feature that allows for more debridement space, as well as being more fexible and fatigue resistant due to a specifc heat treatment and design [9]. ProTaper Next (Dentsply Sirona, Ballaigues, Switzerland) is made of M-wire premanufacturing heat treatment technology with a rectangular asymmetric cross section, variable taper PTN X2, (0.25 mm tip and 6% taper) and is run by a clockwise (CW) continuous rotation [10]. The S-one Plus Single NiTi Reciprocation File (Foshan Soco Precision Instrument Co.,Ltd) is a single fle which is more fexible than the traditional single fle