International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering Website: www.ijetae.com (ISSN 2250-2459, ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal, Volume 3, Issue 5, May 2013) 113 A Review of the Development in the Field of Fiber Optic Communication Systems Prachi Sharma 1 , Suraj Pardeshi 2 , Rohit Kumar Arora 3 , Mandeep Singh 4 1,2,3 Global R&D Centre, Aryabhatta Crompton Greaves Ltd. Mumbai, India 4 Electrical & Instrumentation Deptt. Thapar University Patiala, Punjab Abstract—This paper presents a review of the latest research and development in the field of fibre optic communication system. Remarkable developments can be seen in the field of optical fibre communication in the last decade. Wide-bandwidth signal transmission with low latency is emerging as a key requirement in a number of applications, including the development of future exaflop- scale supercomputers, financial algorithmic trading and cloud computing. Optical fibres provide unsurpassed transmission bandwidth, Optical fibre is now the transmission medium of' choice for long distance and high bit rate transmission in telecommunications networks. Keywords— Applications, bandwidth, fiber optic, multiplexing, transmission and telecommunications networks. I. INTRODUCTION The Optical fiber communications have changed our lives in many ways over the last four decades there is no doubt that low-loss optical transmission fibers have been critical to the enormous success of optical communications technology. There is no doubt that low- loss optical transmission fibers have been critical to the enormous success of optical communications technology. In the telecommunication sector, the so-called passive optical network was proposed for the already envisioned fiber-to-the-home (FTTH) network. This network relied heavily on the use of passive optical splitters. These splitters were fabricated from standard single-mode fibers (SMFs). Although FTTH, at a large scale, did not occur until decades later, research into the use of components for telecommunications applications continued. The commercial introduction of the fiber optic amplifier in the early 1990s revolutionized optical fiber transmissions. With amplification, optical signals could travel hundreds of kilometres without regeneration [1]. The performance of any communication system is ultimately limited by the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the received signal and available bandwidth. This limitation cans be stated more formally by using the concept of channel capacity introduced within the framework of information theory [2]. Optical underwater Communication is an effective alternative to current underwater technology especially in some particular environments such as shallow, coastal and fresh inland water where the use of this approach is useful to overcome all the shortcomings related to the use of acoustic communication and to allow a wide adoption of underwater monitoring systems [3]. Both the transmission capacity and flexibility in optical network design can significantly be improved using wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) systems [4]. Due to economic advantages, maturing technology, and high information capacity, single-mode fiber- optic transmission media will be embedded in future telecommunications networks. A desirable feature for these future optical networks would be the ability to process information directly in the optical domain for purposes of multiplexing, demultiplexing, filtering, amplification, and correlation. Optical signal processing would be advantageous because potentially it can be much faster than electrical signal photon-electron-photon conversions. Several new classes of optical networks are now emerging [5]. For example, code-division multiple access (CDMA) networks using optical signal processing techniques were recently introduced [6]-[13]. The optical fibers, widespread and commonly used in telecommunications, are the transmission medium that have been recently considered as very attractive to build links for T/Transfer [14], offering much better performance compared with the satellite links. This is because of unsurpassed propagation symmetry in both directions that is displayed by the optical fibers. A number of projects are devoted to applying the optical fibers to transmit either the light modulated by the electrical signals from an atomic clock [15]–[20] or a highly coherent optical carrier generated by the optical standard [21]–[23].Throughout the world, serious efforts are undertaken to setup the fiber-optic networks on an international scale dedicated to comparison of distant clocks and dissemination of the T/Signals. The paper is organised as follows. Section II deals with Evolution of Fiber Optics. Section III, describes Optical fiber. Section IV Presents Review of Development in Fiber Optic Communication and finally the Conclusions and Discussion are given in section V.