Citation: Hysa, B.; Zdonek, I.;
Karasek, A. Social Media in
Sustainable Tourism Recovery.
Sustainability 2022, 14, 760. https://
doi.org/10.3390/su14020760
Academic Editor: Yoonjae Nam
Received: 20 December 2021
Accepted: 8 January 2022
Published: 11 January 2022
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sustainability
Article
Social Media in Sustainable Tourism Recovery
Beata Hysa
1
, Iwona Zdonek
1,
* and Aneta Karasek
2
1
Department of Economy and Informatics, Faculty of Organization and Management,
Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 2A, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; beata.hysa@polsl.pl
2
Institute of Management and Quality Sciences, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Plac Marii
Curie-Sklodowskiej 5, 20-031 Lublin, Poland; aneta.karasek@umcs.pl
* Correspondence: iwona.zdonek@polsl.pl
Abstract: In the light of the COVID-19 pandemic, it is crucial to manage tourist destinations to allow
the recovery of tourism on the one hand and reduce its negative impact on the environment and the
local community on the other. Information provided via social media (SM) by both residents and
tourists can help restart tourism. This paper identifies ways of sharing travel experiences by tourists
on social media. The research was conducted in Poland on a sample of 271 respondents from each
generation using questionnaires. Results showed that the way tourists use SM during and after their
trip differs by generation and gender what could be used in promoting responsible behaviour for
sustainable tourism. Differences between generations can be observed in behaviours such as ongoing
planning the trip, obtaining information about the place to stay, keeping a photo album for friends,
and writing reviews. Moreover, more often than men, women use SM to obtain information about
the place of stay and share their impressions of the trip by sending MMS or emails. Tracking tourists’
travel behaviour on social media will allow city managers to gather information and respond to their
needs and expectations and ensure effective urban management and city promotion.
Keywords: social media; SM; sustainable tourism; urban management; smart tourism; tourism recovery
1. Introduction
Efficient urban management is a big challenge to meet the needs of residents as well
as tourists. Tourism is a multi-faceted phenomenon that affects both the environment and
the society that is associated with the tourist region. In recent years we have observed
diversified tourist behaviour in tourism. On the one hand, we have experienced the
problem of overtourism, [1,2] that caused the intense concentration of tourists in the visited
places, negatively influencing both the environment and residents. On the other hand, in
the last year, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been a drastic decline in tourist
travel, resulting in significant losses in the overall tourism industry, which had an impact
on urban management and city revenues. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, there is a
decline of 1 billion international tourist arrivals in 2020, resulting in a loss of $1.3 trillion in
total international tourism revenue [3]. International tourist arrivals (overnight visitors)
in the first seven months of 2021 were 40% below the levels of 2020 and still 80% down
when compared to the same period of the pre-pandemic year 2019 [3]. In addition, between
100 and 120 million tourism jobs were at risk [3]. It is estimated that tourism recovery
worldwide to pre-pandemic conditions will occur in 2024 [4].
It can be predicted that if the number of people vaccinated increases and the number
of cases of disease decreases, more and more countries will open up to travellers. This
indicates that as soon as the restrictions are lifted, we can expect a significant increase
in the number of tourists, which will undoubtedly help the tourism industry to recover
financially. However, mass travel may threaten the sustainability and cause the spread of
the coronavirus outbreak and increase the epidemic risk. Therefore, tourism city managers
face a significant challenge to ensure the right conditions for sustainable tourism.
Sustainability 2022, 14, 760. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14020760 https://www.mdpi.com/journal/sustainability