1 Opinion Paper THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING FOR THE CANCER PATIENT: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES Sabrina Angelini 1 , Erika Cecchin 2 , Valeria Conti 3 , Fabrizio Dal Piaz 3 , Amelia Filippelli 3 , Patrizia Hrelia 1 , Ida Landini 4 , Pierantonio Menna 5 , Enrico Mini 4 , Stefania Nobili 6 , Ariana Soledad Poetto 7 , Gloria Ravegnini 1 , Rossana Roncato 2 , Giorgio Minotti 5 (on behalf of the Cancer Pharmacology Working Group of the Italian Society of Pharmacology) 1 S.A. (s.angelini@unibo.it) and 1 P.H. (patrizia.hrelia@unibo.it) and 1 G.R. (Gloria.ravegnini2@unibo.it), Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126, Bologna 2 E.R. (ececchin@cro.it) and 2 R.R. (rroncato@cro.it), Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, National Cancer Institute – IRCCS, 33081 Aviano (PN) 3 V.C. (vconti@unisa.it), 3 F.D.P. (fdalpiaz@unisa.it), and 3 A.F. (afilippelli@unisa.it), Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi (SA), and Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, AOU San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona, Salerno 4 I.L (ida.landini@unifi.it) and 4 E.M. (enrico.mini@unifi.it), Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, 50139 Firenze 5 P.M. (p.menna@unicampus.it) and G.M. (g.minotti@unicampus.it), Department of Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, University Campus Bio-Medico, 00128 Rome 6 S.N. (stefania.nobili@unich.it) Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, “G. D’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti 7 A.S.P. (ariana.poetto@cro.it), Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, National Cancer Institute - IRCCS, 33081 Aviano (PN) and Doctoral School in Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, 35131 Padova Corresponding author Giorgio Minotti, MD Department of Medicine and Unit of Clinical Pharmacology University Campus Bio-Medico Via Alvaro del Portillo 221 00128 Rome-ITALY g.minotti@unicampus.it Running title: Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and cancer Key words: Therapeutic drug monitoring, cancer, pharmacology, efficacy, safety. Copyright Edra S.p.A