Research Article
Volume 10 Issue 3 - July 2018
DOI: 10.19080/JGWH.2018.10.555788
J Gynecol Women’s Health
Copyright © All rights are reserved by Ellen Osei Tutu
J Gynecol Women’s Health 10(3): JGWH.MS.ID.555788 (2018) 001
Journal of
Gynecology and Women’s Health
ISSN 2474-7602
Awareness and Usage of Emergency Contraceptives
(EC) Among University Students: The Case of Ghana
Ellen OseiTutu
1
*, Abigail A Aryeh-Adjei
1
and Ernest Ampadu
2
1
Department of Adult Education and Human Resource Studies, University of Ghana, Ghana
2
Department of Teacher Education, University of Ghana, Ghana
Submission: May 30, 2018; Published: July 09, 2018
*
Corresponding author: Ellen Osei Tutu, Department of Adult Education and Human Resource Studies, University of Ghana, Ghana,
Email:
Introduction
Globally, it is estimated that each year, approximately two-
thirds (62%) of all pregnancies are intended, and the rest (38%)
are unintended (Bongaarts & Johansson, 2002 cited in Thapa [1].
Unintended pregnancies may pose dire consequences for women
and their families, including possible unsafe abortion, increased
maternal morbidity and mortality among others [2,3].
In Jamaica for instance, unplanned pregnancies are common
because Jamaican women are often exposed to unprotected
or unwanted sex [4]. In addition, 40% of Jamaican women
experience a pregnancy before they reach the age of 20. Of these
pregnancies, over 80% are unplanned [5].
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in
1997estimated that 86.1% of college students in the U.S.A. had
engaged in sexual intercourse and that more than one-third of
college women have had sexual intercourse with six or more
partners [6].Unwanted pregnancies can influence the progress
and future careers of students[7]. Unintended pregnancies
may adversely affect students’ studies and contribute highly to
interrupted and truncated education, especially among female
students in Ghana. The question is what happens to these
unintended pregnancies? Some of these pregnancies end up in
induced abortions.According to Ghana Statistical Service (GSS),
Ghana Health Service & Macro International [8], 15% of women
have ever had an induced abortion. Also, one in five women who
had an abortion reported that, the main reason for the abortion
was that, there was no money to take care of a baby. Furthermore,
about one in ten women who had an abortion took more than
one action to end their most recent pregnancies because the
first action was not effective in terminating the pregnancy. This
implies that these women were determined to get rid of their
unwanted pregnancies and could have resorted to using ECs
probably if they were available to them.
According to the latest Demographic and Health Survey
(DHS) data in Ghana, 14% of women between the ages of 15-
19 years were pregnant for the first time [9]. Most of them may
not have been ready for it and were likely not have completed
school. Unplanned pregnancies have been found to be high
among women below age 20 and unmarried women. Research
has shown that there is a direct relationship between level of
education, socio-economic status and the likelihood to have
unplanned pregnancies. For example, a research by Omane-
Adjepong, [10], shows that the higher the education of a woman
the less likely it is for her to have unplanned pregnancies and
women who live in towns and non-income earners experience
higher cases of unplanned pregnancies. Married women and
females, in general, suffer many complications that come with
unwanted pregnancies from rape, coerced unprotected sex
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the awareness and usage of Emergency Contraceptives (ECs) among university students. The
data were collected using a structured questionnaire involving 1,871 students of the University of Ghana. The results showed that majority
(87.9%) ofthese students were aware of some regular contraceptives and ECs. The results also revealed that despite the awareness of these
contraceptives among students, majority (70.4%) had never used any form of contraceptives. The authors recommend that the university
should use social media as a means of creating awareness of contraceptives in general and ECs in particular to the students.
Keywords: Emergency contraceptives; University students; Awareness; Unintended pregnancy; Usage