International Journal of Advanced and Applied Sciences, 7(4) 2020, Pages: 113-120 Contents lists available at Science-Gate International Journal of Advanced and Applied Sciences Journal homepage: http://www.science-gate.com/IJAAS.html 113 Smart tourism and location-based services architectural model Ahmad H. Al-Omari 1, *, Bassam A. Y. Alqaralleh 1, 2 1 Computer Science Division Department, Faculty of Science, Northern Border University, Saudi Arabia 2 Computer Science Department, Faculty of Information Technology, Al-Hussein Bin Talal University (AHU), Ma'an, Jordan ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article history: Received 5 November 2019 Received in revised form 28 January 2020 Accepted 28 January 2020 A one-stop-service for the tourism sector is proposed in this work. To build and develop smart tourism services you need many key tourism stakeholders' participation and integration which is not an easy effort; in this work, we proposed some important tourism basic services like Location- Based services, Location-Aware services, Tourism Information, smart tourism guide, navigation, localization, emergency notifications, and tourist experience. The researchers used the Component-Based-Architecture (CBA) approach that was integrated with a layered service approach to build the smart tourism model. This architecture allows for easy system expansion and adoption. Keywords: Smart tourism Smart systems Location-based services © 2020 The Authors. Published by IASE. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). 1. Introduction *Mathematics The fast growth and rapid development in the fields of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), along with the evolving mobile technologies, has encouraged the development of smart applications in different areas (Antikainen et al., 2006). Most of the current mobile applications have location-aware and location-based capabilities, which become an essential part of our daily life activities (Jinendra et al., 2012). The recent developments in mobile-based services encouraged the public and private sectors to employ this technology to improve services, enhance profitability, reduce cost, and increase customer penetration to information. Usually, people face difficulties when exploring places. They have to ask someone or get help from paper maps, which are usually printed on brochures or leaflets. A smart tourism system that is equipped with location-based services (LBS) is an excellent solution to overcome these difficulties. The technology development led to the appearance of smart systems services, which minimize the human intervention in demand response to interaction with the systems and the applications (Puja-Rani, 2015). Smart systems integrate technologies and services through networking for easy life practices (Robles and Kim, * Corresponding Author. Email Address: ahmed.alomari@nbu.edu.sa (A. H. Al-Omari) https://doi.org/10.21833/ijaas.2020.04.015 Corresponding author's ORCID profile: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7851-6582 2313-626X/© 2020 The Authors. Published by IASE. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) 2010). Also, smart systems have the potential to make many achievements in the tourism sector, particularly in promoting travel planning, suggesting traffic conditions, navigation messages, environment queries, finding the nearest restaurants, finding hotels, tourist guides, and many others (Gretzel et al., 2015). Travel and tourism sector in 2017 has the power for wealth and employment creation in the global economy; it contributes about 3.8% of the Global Domestic Product (GDP) growth. In total, the Travel and Tourism sector in 2016 generated about US$7.6 trillion (10.2% of global GDP) and 292 million jobs worldwide. The sector accounted for 6.6% of total global exports and almost 30% of total global service exports (WTTC, 2017), and served more than 700 million tourists each year (Jinendra et al., 2012). Smart tourism differs from e-tourism in the sense of using smartphones-based applications to provide tourism services. Different tourism and tourism- related services get benefits from the technological revolution in ICT, Internet of Things (IoT), Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), Quick Response (QR) code, and Near Field Communication (NFC), Global Positioning System (GPS) and Location-Based Services (LBS) which are commonly abbreviated as "app" (Al-Omari and Al-Marghirani, 2017). Nowadays, tourism sector adapts the fast- changing technology environment (Gajdošík, 2018); it is a rich environment for mobile application services, where smart tourism can be offered to provide the traveler with the necessary information before, during, and after the travel. As the amount of information and smart services increases, it becomes difficult for travelers to manage and find the right information at the right time (Ricci, 2010).