294 Copyright © 2016, IGI Global. Copying or distributing in print or electronic forms without written permission of IGI Global is prohibited. Chapter 11 DOI: 10.4018/978-1-4666-9811-6.ch011 ABSTRACT Material science and engineering are the sources of divergent emerging technologies, since all the modifcations and developments are being made to reach a novel biomaterial to fulfll the requirements of biomedical applications, the frst important feature is the biocompatibility of the new advanced ma- terial. In this chapter, the general biocompatibility concept, test systems to determine biocompatibility, examples of bioinspired materials and their altered biocompatibility and future expectations from these novel bioinspired materials will be discussed. INTRODUCTION Biomaterials have many different definitions; the most common definition is that they are the natural or synthetic materials used to replace part of a living system or to function in intimate contact with living tissue. Thus, utmost important feature of the biomaterials is biocompatibility. A medical device need to meet biocompatibility requirements, generally as defined by International Organization for Standardiza- tion (ISO). According to these standards, a medical device must be nontoxic, nonthrombogenic, noncar- cinogenic, nonantigenic, and nonmutagenic. As biomaterials have various definitions, biocompatibility also has several definitions regarding to in which part of the body they are implanted, for how long they are implanted and for what purpose they are implanted. But in any case, enhancing biocompatibility of the implant is increasingly important concern in medical applications. A commonly held approach is mimicking nature of the tissue in implantation area for enhancing host cell attachment, mitigating inflammation, mitigating thrombus and hence enhanced biocompatibility. Bioinspired Materials and Biocompatibility Muge Anil Ege University, Turkey Duygu Ayyildiz-Tamis Ege University, Turkey Seyma Tasdemir Ege University, Turkey Aylin Sendemir-Urkmez Ege University, Turkey Sultan Gulce-Iz Ege University, Turkey