Journal of Advanced Medical Research Vol.1 No.1, September 2012, 114-122 The Effect Of Typhoid Fever On Cytokines (Interleukin-6 And 8) And C–Reactive Protein Concentration Amal Hamada Ali , Eman Saadi Saleh, Ann Admoon Keetani, Kawther Khalid Joodi. 1.Department of clinical laboratory science, college of pharmacy / Baghdad University 2.Department of immunology, central laboratory health. amalalhadithy49@yahoo.com Article Info Received: 23 rd July 2012 Accepted:25 th August 2012 Published online: 1 st September ISSN: 2231-8313 © 2012 Design for Scientific Renaissance All rights reserved ABSTRACT The activation of inflammatory cells, the release of their mediators and the excessive production of free radicals by typhoid fever may affect the circulating Interlukin–6, Interlukin–8, and C–Reactive Protein concentration. Sixty four patients with typhoid fever were recruited from the inflammatory bowel disease clinic of Kadhimiya Teaching Hospital (between June 2010 To November 2010). IL–6 and IL–8 were measured (by EASlA test) and C–reactive protein by (LATEX TEST KIT) in 64 typhoid fever patients and 30 healthy control groups. The study shows highly significant increase in the concentration of (IL–6, IL–8, and C–reactive protein) compared with the healthy persons respectively (P>0.0001). Keywords: Typhoid fever, IL–6, IL–8, C–Reactive protein,Inflammation,Mediaters 1. Introduction Salmonella typhi is a facultative intercellular pathogen that causes typhoid in humans. The bacterium enters the body orally after the intake of contaminated food or water, and upon reaching the small intestine, adheres to and invades the specialized M–cells and enterocytes. The pathogen is translocated to the intestinal submucosa and subsequently disseminates throughout reticuloendothelial system. S. typhi can be isolated from spleen, liver, bone marrow, and gall bladder during typhoid fever (Y0ung et al 2002) . The host – pathogen interactions during infection with this bacterium remain incompletely characterized in the small intestine (Jones et al 1996) . Salmonella species in general invade host cells or induce cellular cytotoxicity, the reasons for the host specificity exhibited by S. typhi and other salmonella serovars are not well understood. Unlike S. typhi and S. typhmurium cause enteritis in humans, which is characterized by self_ limited fever and diarrhea and in some cases, dysentery. These symptoms are rarely observed during infection with S. typhi (Keusch 1991) .