Research Article Solidified Floating Organic Drop Microextraction for the Detection of Trace Amount of Lead in Various Samples by Electrothermal Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Oya AydJn Urucu, Feyda Dönmez, and Ece Kök YetimoLlu Department of Chemistry, Marmara University, G¨ oztepe, 34722 Istanbul, Turkey Correspondence should be addressed to Oya Aydın Urucu; oaydinurucu@gmail.com Received 24 April 2017; Accepted 15 June 2017; Published 20 July 2017 Academic Editor: Miguel de la Guardia Copyright © 2017 Oya Aydın Urucu et al. Tis is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. A novel method was developed for determination of trace amounts of lead in water and food samples. Solidifed foating organic drop microextraction was used to preconcentrate the lead ion. Afer the analyte was complexed with 1-(2-pyridylazo)-2-naphthol, undecanol and acetonitrile were added as extraction and dispersive solvent, respectively. Variables such as pH, volumes of extraction and dispersive solvents, and concentration of chelating agent were optimized. Under the optimum conditions, the detection limit of Pb (II) was determined as 0.042 gL −1 with an enrichment factor of 300. Te relative standard deviation is <10%. Accuracy of the developed procedure was evaluated by the analysis of certifed reference material of human hair (NCS DC 73347) and wastewater (SPS-WW2) with satisfactory results. Te developed procedure was then successfully applied to biscuit and water samples for detection of Pb (II) ions. 1. Introduction Lead is an important naturally occurring heavy metal. It is found in small amounts in the earth’s crust and is used in many areas including industrial, agricultural, and domestic areas [1, 2]. Lead is used in many industrial processes such as metal products, lead-acid batteries, manufacturing of lead based paints, and automobile exhaust accumulators, ammu- nitions, and so on. Humans can be exposed to lead by air, water, or food contamination. Tis creates serious health risks for both humans and animals. Lead accumulates in sof tis- sues in young and middle-aged people and in bones in older people. Te accumulation of lead in the kidneys and liver is also quite high [1, 3]. In the liver, tetramethyl lead turns into a much more toxic triethyl lead and causes the increase in the amount of lead in the urine. Te World Health Organization (WHO) recommended a limit of 10 gL −1 of lead in potable water [4] and according to International/National Standards, maximum permitted concentration of lead in all food in solid form is 6 gL −1 . Te detection of heavy metals in various samples is important for human health. Te most commonly used instrumental methods are fame atomic absorption spec- trometry (FAAS), electrothermal atomic absorption spec- trometry (ETAAS), inductively coupled plasma optical emis- sion spectrometry (ICP-OES), and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) [5]. Direct detection of trace amounts of heavy metal ions in real samples by AAS is difcult due to matrix efects and a low detection limit is difcult [6]. Te easiest way to deal with this difculty is to use separation-preconcentration method before analysis. In recent years, a number of easily applicable separation- preconcentration methods have been developed. Tese meth- ods require the use of a small amount of organic solution. Te most commonly used methods are single drop microextrac- tion (SDME) [7, 8], coprecipitation [9], solid phase microex- traction (SPME) [10, 11], cloud point extraction (CPE) [12], dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) [13, 14], and solidifed foating organic drop microextraction (SFODME) [15, 16]. Hindawi Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry Volume 2017, Article ID 6268975, 7 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/6268975