149 © The Author(s) 2017
M. Menshawy, State, Memory, and Egypt’s Victory in the 1973 War,
Middle East Today, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-50121-5_4
CHAPTER 4
Socio-Political Practices Under Sadat
To demonstrate that the Al-ahram’s coverage—as detailed in the previous
two chapters—refected a systematic discursive strategy on the part of the
Egyptian state requires a careful, detailed exploration not simply of discourse
but of internal dynamics both within the state and the newspaper themselves.
This chapter unpacks the various socio-political practices that fed into the
carefully woven formal and semi-formal narrative of the 1973 War as repre-
sented in the pages of Al-ahram. Based on critical discourse analysis (CDA)
as an overarching analytical framework, these practices include Sadat’s
‘authoritarianism’ as identifed in the frst section. The media system is the
focus of the second section. The relation between the state and the media
system including Al-ahram is also investigated. This critical investigation
does not merely unravel the powers through which the state dominated the
media system, but also exposes how the media system itself acts in a similarly
authoritarian manner by subduing opposition emanating from, in Gramsci’s
words, ‘subaltern thought’ or counter-hegemonic forces.
1
Focusing on the
media system in the second section, this chapter explains how these differing
voices were muffed all for the sake of marshalling only the three macro-
themes of the war. Within this context-rich scale, the third section of the
chapter takes a wider view of another phenomenon standing behind the
predominant hegemonic discourse on 1973—the so-called Islamic revival of
the 1970s. This ‘islamisation’ was related to Sadat’s distancing from Nasser
1
See Antonio Gramsci, Prison Notebooks, Volume II, trans. and ed. Joseph Buttigieg (New
York, Columbia University Press: 1996).