Buffalo Bulletin (December 2014) Vol.33 No.4 379 ABSTRACT Endometrial cytological studies in she-buffaloes were scanty. Hence, a study was conducted to assess the status of the uterus of she-buffaloes using endometrial cytology. Uterine endometrial smears prepared from uterine luminal fluid by gently touching the uterine surface of 54 reproductive tracts collected from a slaughterhouse and four uterine biopsy imprints of she-buffaloes were utilized for the study. Uterine endometrial smears and uterine biopsy imprints were stained with Leishman-Giemsa stain. The differential counts for epithelial cells, lymphocyte, neutrophil and monocyte for 23 cases of normal endometrium were 99.73 (97-100), 0.26 (1-3), 0 and 0 percent respectively. In 29 cases of subacute nonsuppurative endometritis, the differential counts were 80.45 (44-100), 4.97 (0-45), 4.03 (1-54) and 0 percent for epithelial cell, lymphocyte, neutrophil and monocyte, respectively. In two cases of subacute non-suppurative metritis, the differential counts were 99 (98-100), 1 (0-2), 0 and 0 percent for epithelial cell, lymphocyte, neutrophil and monocyte respectively. In four acute suppurative endometritis cases from biopsy, the differential counts were 50.25 (19-100), 8 (0-29), 39.75 (0-52) and 0.5 (0-1) for epithelial cell, lymphocyte, neutrophil and monocyte, respectively. The average neutrophil count in endometrial cytology was higher in endometritis cases. Hence, endometrial cytology in she-buffaloes provides simple, quick and useful information about the endometrial status in she-buffaloes. Keywords: bacteria, cytological changes, endometrial cytology, endometritis, she-buffaloes INTRODUCTION Infertility in she-buffaloes is a major problem in India. Quick and simple diagnostic aids for the diagnosis of infertility in she-buffaloes is the need of the hour. Cytology is considered as the simplest, quickest and easiest method of diagnostic aid. Endometrial cytological studies in she- buffaloes were scanty. In the uterine mucus sample smears from repeat breeding dairy buffaloes, the average percentage of neutrophils varied from 15.20 to 69.00 percent and lymphocytes varied from 21.00 to 68.07 percent (Younis et al., 1987). In buffaloes with retained placenta, the leukocytes and epithelial cells counts were 62.2 and 37.8 percent, respectively (Ambrose and Pattabiraman, 1989). On the contrary, in puerperal metritis and post- abortion metritis cases, the percentage of epithelial cells (57.5 and 63.0 percent) was more than that ENDOMETRIAL CYTOLOGY IN DIFFERENT PATHOLOGICAL CONDITIONS OF UTERUS IN SHE-BUFFALOES J. Selvaraj 1 , B. Murali Manohar 2 , T.G. Prabhakar 2 , C. Balachandran 2 and T.G. Devanathan 2 1 Department of Veterinary Pathology, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Orathanadu, Thanjavur, Tamilnadu, India, E-mail: vetselvaraj@rediffmail.com 2 Department of Veterinary Pathology, Madras Veterinary College, Chennai, India Original Article