~ 1139 ~ International Journal of Chemical Studies 2019; 7(6): 1139-1145 P-ISSN: 2349–8528 E-ISSN: 2321–4902 IJCS 2019; 7(6): 1139-1145 © 2019 IJCS Received: 01-09-2019 Accepted: 03-10-2019 Avinash Varma Faculty of Agriculture, Mahatma Gandhi Chitrakoot Gramodaya Vishwavidyalaya, Chitrakoot, Satna, Madhya Pradesh, India SP Mishra Faculty of Agriculture, Mahatma Gandhi Chitrakoot Gramodaya Vishwavidyalaya, Chitrakoot, Satna, Madhya Pradesh, India Ajay Tripathi Indian Institute of Soil Science, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India Corresponding Author: Avinash Varma Faculty of Agriculture, Mahatma Gandhi Chitrakoot Gramodaya Vishwavidyalaya, Chitrakoot, Satna, Madhya Pradesh, India Study of genetic diversity in mungbean ( Vigna radiata L. Wilczek) cultivars using RAPD markers Avinash Varma, SP Mishra and Ajay Tripathi Abstract A set of twelve cultivars of mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] were taken as experimental materials in the present study. The young leaves were collected from five individual plants and leaf samples were pooled for each accession. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were used to study the DNA polymorphism in twelve Indian mungbean cultivars. A total of 17 random primers were used in the research and 11 of them generated reproducible RAPD patterns. Out of 17 random primers, a total of 11 highly polymorphic primers were used for amplification of genomic DNA isolated from 12 mungbean cultivars in this study. Thus the result is based on the amplification products of 11 polymorphic primers with 12 cultivars of mungbean. Amplification of genomic DNA of 12 Indian mungbean cultivars with 11 RAPD primers yielded 152 fragments that could be scored, of which 108 were polymorphic, thus with average number of bands amplified per primer was 13.8 and with an average of 9.8 polymorphic fragments per primer. Number of amplified fragments with random primers ranged from 8 (OPA 14) to 22 (OPA11). Percentage polymorphism ranged from 23.08% (OPA09) to a maximum of 100% (OPN 05 and OPN 016), with an average of 71.05%. The Jaccard’s similarity coefficients matrix based on RAPD profiles were subjected to UPGMA cluster analysis. The RAPD cluster pattern segregated the 12 mung bean cultivars into two major clusters. The cultivar Pusa-0672 formed Cluster 1 (C-1) and cultivars Samrat, BPMR-145, HUM-2, MUM-2, Pairy Mung, Pant M-2, Pant M-4, PKV AKM-4, Pusa-9072, RMG-62 and RMG-268 have made Cluster 2. This indicated the narrow genetic base in the Indian mung bean cultivars used in the study. Keywords: RAPD, genomic DNA, polymorphism, genetic diversity and mung bean Introduction Mung bean (green gram, Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) is an Asiatic species with a considerable importance as it is a widely cultivated pulse crop, because of its adaptation to short growth duration, low water requirement, soil fertility and because it can be used in crop rotation practices also. In India and some South Asian countries, it contributes significant dietary protein supply in predominantly cereal rich diets. Its contain 25.9 % protein and 504 mg/g lysine content and it is most useful in vegetarian diet. The yield of mungbean has not been increased substantially due to insufficient use of genetic diversity in breeding programmes (Bernatzky and Tanksley 1989) [1] . The productivity of pulses is very low as compared to cereals, which have been selected for high grain yield under high input conditions (Narasimhan et al. 2010) [10] . The major constraints in achieving high yield of this crop are lack of genetic variability, poor harvesting index and susceptibility to diseases and pests. Despite the efforts, development of sustainable resistant cultivar with higher yields has not yet been successful due to narrow genetic bases of the present cultivars. The assessment of genetic diversity is a prerequisite and important step for the improvement of any crop plant. The estimation of genetic diversity is invaluable in selection of diverse parental combinations to generate segregating progenies with maximum genetic variability and introgressing desirable traits from diverse or wild germplasm into the cultivars to broaden the genetic base. Earlier, genetic diversity studies were mostly carried out based on morphological characters and isozyme markers. Limited availability, low polymorphism and high influence of environmental factors on the expression, limited the use of morphological and biochemical markers. Molecular markers provide an alternative and important tool for genetic analysis as they are numerous, selectively neutral and allow screening at any growth stage (Soller and Beckmann, 1983) [16] .