MARGARET TAPLIN and CAROL CHAN
DEVELOPING PROBLEM-SOLVING PRACTITIONERS
ABSTRACT. This article presents a research project on the development of pre-service
mathematics teachers’ skills and understanding of themselves as pedagogical problem
solvers. The problems were similar to those they are likely to encounter in their future
mathematics classrooms. The project took place within a Bachelor of Education program.
The article describes changes in the students’ attitudes towards problem-based learning
and examines the critical incidents that were catalysts for these changes to occur. The
project addressed an important issue in the current Hong Kong context, with the emphasis
on quality learning and instruction. With curriculum reforms in primary education,
teachers are required to respond to changes and implement recommendations within the
constraints of day-to-day classroom management. They need to be critical and informed
professionals. Therefore, we argue that by adopting a problem-solving approach to
teaching, teachers would be better able to view themselves as competent problem solvers
who are able to develop various strategies to deal with change.
Ongoing reforms in mathematics education require teachers to engage in
continuous professional growth and adjustment to change throughout their
careers in ways that were unprecedented in the past. Teachers who do
not adapt successfully to change will more likely produce students who
can only “follow the rules and procedures and conventions specified in
the textbook” (Gregg, 1995). Several reasons have been put forward for
teachers’ reluctance to embrace reform. One is that the teachers may lack
the pedagogical skills and/or confidence to overcome obstacles to changes
(Gregg, 1995). Also, according to Gregg, in many cases teachers believe
that these obstacles are insurmountable. Many feel unable to be innova-
tive because they are effectively isolated in a sink-or-swim atmosphere in
which they are subject to accountability pressures (Gratch, 2000). Gratch
also suggested that teachers simply lack understanding of what they are
supposed to do. Whatever the reason, there is certainly evidence of a dearth
of teachers who are implementing current reform ideas in mathematics
(Simon, 1995).
Of particular concern are beginning teachers who, despite having had
recent instruction about up-to-date methods of teaching mathematics, often
revert to teaching styles similar to those of their own teachers (Brown,
Cooney & Jones, 1990); they show little or no change in their concep-
tions of mathematics teaching despite their methods courses (Thompson,
Journal of Mathematics Teacher Education 4: 285–304, 2001.
© 2001 Kluwer Academic Publishers. Printed in the Netherlands.