Effectiveness of Occupational Safety and Health Training Methods: A Study with Metalworking Small Enterprises Beatriz L. Barros, Artemisa R. Dores and Matilde A. Rodrigues Abstract The incorporation of proper training in Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) is of paramount importance for small enterprises. However, the method applied will influence its effectiveness. This study aims to explore and compare the effects of two training methods on safety behaviours and OSH knowledge, when applied in metalworking small enterprises. For this study were selected an active method, with group discussion, and an expository method, with formal exposure. A total of 212 workers participated in this study. The sample was divided into three different groups: two intervention groups (active and passive group) and one group without intervention (control group). A questionnaire was developed to assess the following dimensions: safety behaviour (safety compliance and safety participation) and OSH knowledge. It was administered before, and one month after, the training sessions. The results indicate that OSH training had a positive, but limited, effect on the variables under study. Significant differences were found, between the two assessment moments for OSH knowledge with both the expository and the active methods. Significant differences between the three groups were found after the intervention for OSH knowledge. However, no significant differences were observed in any case for safety behaviours. Keywords Employees Á Occupational safety and health Á Small firms Á Training B. L. Barros Á M. A. Rodrigues (&) Department of Environmental Health, Research Centre on Environment and Health, School of Health of Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal e-mail: mar@ess.ipp.pt B. L. Barros e-mail: beatriz_lopes7@hotmail.com A. R. Dores Center for Rehabilitation Research, School of Health of Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal e-mail: artemisadores@gmail.com © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019 P. M. Arezes et al. (eds.), Occupational and Environmental Safety and Health, Studies in Systems, Decision and Control 202, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-14730-3_67 631