International Journal of Health Sciences & Research (www.ijhsr.org) 121 Vol.7; Issue: 3; March 2017 International Journal of Health Sciences and Research www.ijhsr.org ISSN: 2249-9571 Original Research Article Prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients with Anemia in a Bangladeshi Population- A Case Control Study Debashish Paul 1,2 , Sudip Paul 2 , Mohammad Asaduzzaman 3 , Farha Matin Juliana 2 , Md Sabir Hossain 2 1 Department of Laboratory, US-Bangla Medical College Hospital, Narayangonj, Bangladesh 2 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh 3 Department of Biochemistry, Primeasia University, Dhaka, Bangladesh Corresponding Author: Debashish Paul Received: 16/01/2017 Revised: 28/01/2017 Accepted: 07/02/2017 ABSTRACT Introduction: Anemia is a common finding in diabetes. Number of factors contributes to an increased prevalence of anemia in diabetes. To determine the prevalence of anemia in the patients with diabetes mellitus. Methods: The present study was conducted at the US Bangla Hospital, Narayangong, Bangladesh. The subjects for the study included adult patients with age more than 30 years and having type 2diabetes mellitus, attending the outdoor patient department (OPD) or admitted in ward as indoor patient department (IPD) of this Hospital. Blood specimens were collected and processed for determination of blood glucose, serum creatinine, and hemoglobin, HbA1C. Results: Anemia was present in 18% patients of diabetes. The prevalence of anemia was almost similar between women (18.60%) and men (17.54%). 74% of anaemic patients had a serum creatinine <1.20 mg/dl and 72% of anaemic patients had a calculated creatinine clearance of >60 ml/min. Conclusion: Every fifth individual in a population of diabetes mellitus could be anemic. Identifying and treating anemia would make a great impact in managing various complications of diabetes mellitus. Key Words: Diabetes Mellitus, Anemia, Hemoglobin. INTRODUCTION Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder of great impact worldwide. Epidemiological data showed that in 2010 there were 285 million people affected with the disease in the world, and it is estimated that in the year of 2030 we will have about 440 million diabetics. [1] Its worldwide prevalence is increasing fast among developing countries. The type 2 diabetes affects about 7% of the population. [2] Anaemia is a frequent condition in patients with type 2 diabetes. [3-5] This reflects the pivotal role of the kidney in the control of hemopoiesis, in sensing changes in tissue oxygenation, and subsequently in stimulating hemopoietic precursors in the bone marrow through the production of erythropoietin by peritubular interstitial fibroblasts of the renal cortex and outer medulla. Uremia is associated with a range of hemopoietic stressors including reduced red cell survival, occult blood losses, malnutrition, and systemic inflammation. However, the failure of the kidney to increase erythropoietin release in response