Only Radical is Realistic Now International Carbon Rationing in a Climate Emergency Joachim H. Spangenberg Abstract Climate disruption and biodiversity collapse are but two symptoms of the environmental crisis caused by ever-growing resource consumption. Multiple overshoots of Earth’s planetary boundaries have pushed our natural systems close to or even beyond critical tipping points. Effective reduction of resource consumption, in particular fossil fuels, is now an immediate necessity for civilisation to survive and must be reached within less than a decade. Since traditional policies have failed, and the time pressure is extreme, new instruments for immediate reduction of consumption are required. We suggest that rationing of fossil fuel consumption is such a measure, capping the resource input to national economies while permitting trade between them. Nationally, new allocation mechanisms based in justice, resilience, and social sustainability are suggested. Keywords: climate crisis, biodiversity crisis, inter-nationally tradeable carbon permits, new resource allocation schemes This Think Piece was developed in partnership with the Sustainable Europe Research Institute. April 2022 THINKPIECE