WJH
World Journal of
Hepatology
Submit a Manuscript: https://www.f6publishing.com World J Hepatol 2019 January 27; 11(1): 37-49
DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v11.i1.37 ISSN 1948-5182 (online)
REVIEW
Hepatitis in slaughterhouse workers
Hassan Tariq, Muhammad Umar Kamal, Jasbir Makker, Sara Azam, Usman Ali Pirzada, Vaniza Mehak,
Kishore Kumar, Harish Patel
ORCID number: Hassan Tariq
(0000-0002-9178-0342); Muhammad
Umar Kamal (0000-0002-4323-3440);
Jasbir Makker
(0000-0002-1673-8515); Sara Azam
(0000-0002-0962-6697); Usman Ali
Pirzada (0000-0002-5908-8014);
Vaniza Mehak
(0000-0003-4934-9345); Kishore
Kumar (0000-0002-9768-5354);
Harish Patel (0000-0003-3638-9495).
Author contributions: Tariq H
contributed to the concept and
design, drafting of the manuscript;
critical revision of the manuscript
for important intellectual content;
Kamal MU contributed to the
concept and design, drafting of the
manuscript; revision of the
manuscript; Makker J contributed
to the critical revision of the
manuscript for important
intellectual content, and the
manuscript supervision; Azam S,
Pirzada UA, Mehak V contributed
to the drafting of the manuscript;
Kumar K Critical contributed to
the revision of the manuscript for
important intellectual content;
Patel H contributed to the concept
and design, drafting of the
manuscript; critical revision of the
manuscript for important
intellectual content, and the
manuscript supervision.
Conflict-of-interest statement:
None of authors listed above have
any conflicts to interest to disclose.
Open-Access: This article is an
open-access article which was
selected by an in-house editor and
fully peer-reviewed by external
reviewers. It is distributed in
accordance with the Creative
Commons Attribution Non
Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0)
Hassan Tariq, Muhammad Umar Kamal, Jasbir Makker, Sara Azam, Usman Ali Pirzada, Vaniza
Mehak, Kishore Kumar, Harish Patel, Department of Medicine, BronxCare Health System,
Bronx, NY 10457, United States
Hassan Tariq, Jasbir Makker, Kishore Kumar, Harish Patel, Division of Gastroenterology,
Department of Medicine, BronxCare Health System, Bronx, NY 10457, United States
Corresponding author: Muhammad Umar Kamal, MD, Doctor, Department of Medicine,
BronxCare Health System, 1650 Selwyn Ave, Suite #10C, Bronx, NY 10457, United States.
muhammadumarkamal@gmail.com
Telephone: +1-718-9601234
Fax: +1-718-9602055
Abstract
Slaughterhouse workers (SHW) are at increased risk of hepatitis which can occur
due to different organisms and should be investigated for viral, bacterial, and
parasitic organisms. Slaughter house personnel including butchers are at a higher
risk of infections from cuts and blood-letting, with the possible risk of the
transmission of blood-borne pathogens to their colleagues. The objective of this
review is to evaluate the common etiologies of hepatitis in SHW which will assist
in the assessment of these patients presenting with transaminitis. Types of
Microorganisms causing hepatitis with their reservoirs, routes of transmission,
laboratory diagnosis, clinical features, treatment options and preventive
strategies are included in this review. Proper investigation and awareness is of
utmost importance as it causes significant financial constraints derived from
workers health cost and from livestock production losses when the disease is
confirmed. The work up is essential because infected workers might be a source
of infections to other colleagues, family and the consumers.
Key words: Hepatitis; Slaughterhouse workers; Liver infections; Transaminitis;
Occupational safety; Abattoir
©The Author(s) 2019. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
Core tip: Butchers and other personnel of slaughterhouse belong to a high-risk
occupation and are at increased risk of transmissible diseases. This group of patients
presenting to the healthcare providers with hepatitis require extensive work up to find the
causative agent. In this review article, we have searched a list of organisms associated
with hepatitis in slaughterhouse workers. We have also proposed an algorithm for the
evaluation and management of hepatitis in these workers. It is critical to work up
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