Digestive Diseases and Sciences, Vol. 35, No. 12 (December 1990), pp. 1473-1481 Antimony and Glass pH Electrodes Can Be Used Interchangeably in 24-Hour Studies of Gastric Acidity G.S. MELA, V. SAVARINO, M. MORETTI, A. SUMBERAZ, G. BONIFACINO, P. ZENTILIN, E. CAPUTO, G. VILLA, and G. CELLE Antimony and glass pH electrodes show almost identical experimental errors in continuously measuring buffer solutions at constant temperature over 24 hr. These errors are lower than the nominal quantization error of the instruments and are not properly described by the 24-hr drift determination. The addition of food particles to the solutions can induce severe reading artifacts. The longer response time reported in vitro of antimony electrodes when moving from pH 1 to pH 7 (3.4 sec vs 0.8 sec with glass electrodes) is irrelevant during in vivo pH-metry studies, because we found that the greatest absolute difference between raw fast acquired (4-6 sec) consecutive pH readings of two commonly used devices was 0.7 pH units in circadian profiles obtained from 413 subjects with various clinical conditions. In our in vivo studies, gastric acidity was monitored continuously with two side-by-side minielectrodes, which were variously combined (antimony-glass, A-G; antimony-antimony A1-A2; glass- glass, G1-G2) and applied on groups of 27 subjects matched for clinical condition. The 24-hr pH means and the 24-hr [H +] means calculated from the acidity profiles obtained with the three electrode combinations, lie on the identity line in each group. Using the Bland-Altman technique for assessing measurement agreement, the differences between the 24-hr pH means and the 24-hr [H +] means obtained with the three combined systems are similar (P = .903 and P = 0.824, respectively) and their 95% confidence limits are comprised within the range (+-) of the reading error of the measuring systems (namely, ++-0.3 pH units and +-12 mmol/liter in terms of[H+]). These data show that the 24-hr acidity indexes calculated from gastric pH recordings performed with two closely adjacent antimony and glass electrodes are similar, irrespective of their possible combinations. It can be concluded that antimony and glass electrodes provide equivalent results in vivo and can be used interchangeably in the clinical setting. KEY WORDS: gastric acidity; continuous pH monitoring; antimony pH electrode; glass pH electrode; quantization error. In recent years continuous intragastric pH-metry has been becoming increasingly more popular (1, 2). Manuscript received January 31, 1990; revised manuscript received June 12, 1990; accepted July 23, 1990. From the Cattedra di Clinica Medica R and Cattedra di Gastroenterologia Istituto Scientifico di Medicina Interna, Uni- versitA di Genova, Italy. Address for reprint requests: Giuseppe Sandro Mela, Istituto Scientifico di Medicina Interna, UniversitA di Genova, viale Benedetto XV, n.6, 16132, Genova, Italy. Antimony and glass pH electrodes are the most commonly used in both pharmacological (3-6) and physiological (7-9) studies on gastric acidity pat- terns. In these in vivo investigations the perfor- mances of the two electrodes do not seem to differ greatly, although the in vitro basic operating char- acteristics of antimony have been shown to be inferior to those of glass electrodes (10). In partic- ular, the response time of antimony electrodes to Digestive Diseases and Sciences, Vol. 35, No. 12 (December 1990) 0163-2116/90/1200-1473506.00/0 9 1990 PlenumPublishingCorporation 1473