13 th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering Vancouver, B.C., Canada August 1-6, 2004 Paper No. 823 VULNERABLE DWELLING TYPOLOGIES IN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES AFFECTED BY RECENT EARTHQUAKES D. D'AYALA 1 , M. BOSTENARU DAN 2 , A. YAKUT 3 SUMMARY This paper outlines the European contributions to the World Housing Encyclopedia (WHE), with a special emphasis on vulnerable dwellings affected in recent European earthquakes (www.world-housing.net). The WHE currently includes over 90 contributions from 34 countries, making it one of the largest global projects of this type. The present paper briefly reviews the material so far collected for the European continent and analyses specifically two typologies, particularly common in Europe: historic stone and brickwork masonry houses and low engineered reinforced concrete frame apartment blocks. Both typologies have a very high geographical distribution throughout Europe, from Portugal to Romania, and from France to Turkey, although with some substantial regional and quality differences. They certainly represent the most common building types in regions of highest hazard in Europe. The seismic deficiencies of these two typologies together with past and current strengthening strategies will be compared. For masonry buildings a number of different strengthening techniques have been developed and variously implemented in the last 30 years. In some cases the strengthened buildings have been subjected to further shaking, and the performance of the strengthening measures will be critically appraised. In the case of reinforced concrete structures with infill, they have been object of seismic code requirements for decades, but nevertheless, their actual construction overlooks basic rules and technical details, turning them in very fragile and hazardous structures, owing also to higher rates of occupancy. Strengthening criteria and procedures have also been developed in the past 30 years, and common techniques include jacketing by concrete or steel of concrete columns and addition of concrete shear walls. The effectiveness of these measures relies heavily on proper strengthening of the foundations, which might be uneconomically viable for large number of buildings with multi-ownership. More recently strengthening of columns by wrapping of FRP fabric has been proposed, but field implementations are still sparse. INTRODUCTION Stone and brickwork masonry buildings with timber floors constitute traditionally the fabric of most urban and rural settlements in Europe. From the beginning of the 20 th C these two forms of construction have 1 Senior Lecturer, University of Bath, UK, absdfda@bath.ac.uk 2 Karlsruhe University, Germany, bostenaru@tmb.uni-karlsruhe.de 3 METU, Turkey, ayakut@metu.edu.tr