  Citation: Venigalla, S.G.; Nabilah, A.B.; Mohd Nasir, N.A.; Safiee, N.A.; Abd Aziz, F.N.A. Textile-Reinforced Concrete as a Structural Member: A Review. Buildings 2022, 12, 474. https://doi.org/10.3390/ buildings12040474 Academic Editor: Jorge de Brito Received: 28 February 2022 Accepted: 1 April 2022 Published: 12 April 2022 Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affil- iations. Copyright: © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ 4.0/). buildings Review Textile-Reinforced Concrete as a Structural Member: A Review Sanjay Gokul Venigalla , Abu Bakar Nabilah * , Noor Azline Mohd Nasir , Nor Azizi Safiee and Farah Nora Aznieta Abd Aziz Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; gs54602@student.upm.edu.my (S.G.V.); nazline@upm.edu.my (N.A.M.N.); norazizi@upm.edu.my (N.A.S.); farah@upm.edu.my (F.N.A.A.A.) * Correspondence: nabilah@upm.edu.my Abstract: Textile-reinforced concrete (TRC) is a form of reinforced concrete, where conventional reinforcement is replaced with textiles or fibers. The high tenacity of the textile fibers results in flexible and durable concrete structures. The literature has been limited to TRC applications in retrofitting and nonstructural applications. Therefore, this article attempts to detangle the progressive research direction on the usage of TRC as a structural member. For this, (i) a bibliometric study using scientometrics analysis to visualize the keyword network, and (ii) qualitative discussions on identified research areas were performed. The literature was categorized into four main research areas, namely material properties of TRC, composite behavior of TRC, bond-slip relations, and TRC applications as structural elements. In addition, the advantages and disadvantages in the usage of TRC as a structural member are discussed in association with the identified research areas. Furthermore, the article proposes future directions to reinforce the research on the usage of TRC as a structural element. Keywords: textile-reinforced concrete; composite behavior; bond strength 1. Introduction The advancement in construction materials and technology has led to research into efficient and sustainable structural systems that incorporate the properties of minimum material usage, light weight, and added economic benefits. To attain this, researchers impregnated a certain number of fibers into the concrete matrix as they are effective in reducing cracks and can improve the ductility behavior of concrete [1] by making the sections more compact, which can ultimately lead to more economic designs [2]. The alternative method is to replace the steel reinforcement with textile (fiber) mesh, creating textile-reinforced concrete (TRC). The nonmetallic nature of TRC eliminates the usage of concrete cover, resulting in slender members. Textile-based composites have been studied extensively in the past two decades as they are used in the construction of newly fabricated structural elements (e.g., [3,4]) and the strengthening of existing structures (e.g., [5,6]). TRC possesses enhanced properties such as increased flexibility and resistance to fire. Therefore, TRC is becoming progressively more attractive for strengthening existing structures, in comparison to the more extensively used fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP). Numerous studies have been conducted globally to assess the suitability of TRC as a building material, in terms of its tensile and flexural strengths [7–9]. Typically, the specimen is prepared in the form of plates and is subjected to either tensile or three-point bending tests. The results are highly dependent on the type of fiber and the mix design of concrete used. In terms of the bond strength, the majority of researchers have attempted to quantify the bond strength of externally bonded fiber [10,11], as TRC is used as a repair material. In textile-reinforced concrete, as the fiber is embedded within the concrete matrix, a new and better bond strength model must be established specifically for this application. This is important for the correct prediction and modeling of the behavior of TRC using numerical Buildings 2022, 12, 474. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings12040474 https://www.mdpi.com/journal/buildings