International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE)
ISSN: 2277-3878, Volume-8 Issue-4, November 2019
6240
Published By:
Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering
& Sciences Publication
Retrieval Number: D5147118419/2019©BEIESP
DOI:10.35940/ijrte.D5147.118419
Abstract: There are various types of Renewable Energy (RE)
that has been studied by many researchers in order to find a cost-
effective energy generation in reducing the non-renewable
energy source. In this study, the solar energy was suggested in
order to apply the Net Energy Metering (NEM) scheme that has
been introduced effective on 1st January 2019, by Malaysian
government in achieving 20% national RE target in electricity
power mix, reducing the dependency on imported fossil fuels.
Based on the data and results, the suitable size of solar panel for
a house can be determined based on the daily electricity usage.
The findings show that the system size and the cost itself also
depends on the estimated amount solar generated set by the
consumer.
Keywords: Grid Connected, Net Energy Metering, Photovoltaic
and Renewable energy
I. INTRODUCTION
Nowadays, electricity consumption for a household is
increasing throughout the year. Renewable energy system
for residential is a system which consumer can generate
electricity at their house. There are many forms of
renewable energy for example, solar, wind power,
hydroelectric, biomass, geothermal and other forms of
energy [1,2,3]. By using a renewable energy, it can help to
achieve national RE target in reducing the dependency on
imported fossil fuels [4]. One of a common type of
renewable energy used for residential is solar photovoltaic
(PV) system. The common type of solar system used for
residential is Grid Connected Photovoltaic (GCPV) system.
It is designed to operate in parallel and interconnected with
the electric utility grid. The primary component in GCPV
system is the inverter. The inverter converts the Direct
Current (DC) power produced by the PV array into
Alternating Current (AC) power consistent with the voltage
and power quality requirements of the utility grid and
automatically stops supplying power to the grid when the
utility grid is not energized. When the electrical loads are
greater than the PV system output, the balance of power
required by the loads is received from the electric utility.
Revised Manuscript Received on November 19, 2019.
Farah Zaheeda Kamarudin,College of Engineering, Universiti
Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000 Kajang, Selangor,
Malaysia
Khairul Salleh Mohamed Sahari, College of Engineering, Universiti
Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000 Kajang, Selangor,
Malaysia
Nora Yusma Mohamed Yusop, College of Energy Economics &
Social Sciences, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN,
43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
The utility meter will measure the electricity draw or
exported to the grid [5]. The grid will provide electricity
demand by the load when the system fails or no power
generated by PV array [6,7]. At night, electricity will be
fully supplied by the conventional grid. The schematic
diagram of Grid GCPV system is shown in Figure 1.
Fig. 1 Grid Connected Photovoltaic (GCPV) system
Net Energy Metering (NEM) is a concept where the
energy produced installed by the solar PV system are being
consumed first and the remaining excess will be exported to
TNB on a one to one offset basis while Malaysia’s Feed in
Tariff (FiT) is a system that obliges Distribution Licensees
(DLs) to buy from Feed-in Approval Holders (FIAHs) the
electricity produced from renewable resources and sets the
FiT rate [8]. The significant difference between NEM and
FiT is that NEM uses the energy and export the energy back
to the grid [9] while FiT by the obligation of DLs will pay
for renewable energy supplied to the electricity grid for a
specific duration and rate [10]. The NEM scheme also
improved the FiT scheme by improving the return of
investment of solar PV.
II. METHODOLOGY
The amount of electricity a solar panel can produce
depends on three main reasons which is the size of the solar
panel, the efficiency of the solar cells inside and the amount
of sunlight the panel received. The data regarding the
electricity bill and usage is collected to estimate the size of
solar panel. Meanwhile, the data regarding the weather,
rainfall, humidity and cloudy is required to see the
meteorology pattern in Selangor, Malaysia.
A Simplified Method: System Size and Cost
Estimation of Grid Connected Photovoltaic
(GCPV) System
Farah Zaheeda Kamarudin, Khairul Salleh Mohamed Sahari, Nora Yusma Mohamed Yusop