363 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020 J. Rittweger (ed.), Manual of Vibration Exercise and Vibration Therapy, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-43985-9_27 L. L. Paineiras-Domingos (*) · D. d. C. de Sá-Caputo Laboratório de Vibrações Mecânicas e Práticas Integrativas, Departamento de Biofísica e Biometria, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes e Policlínica Piquet Carneiro, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Faculdade Bezerra de Araújo, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil M. Bernardo-Filho Departamento de Biofísica e Biometria, Laboratório de Vibrações Mecânicas e Práticas Integrativas, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes e Policlínica Piquet Carneiro, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 27 Vibration Exercise and Vibration Therapy in Metabolic Syndrome Laisa Liane Paineiras-Domingos, Danúbia da Cunha de Sá-Caputo, and Mario Bernardo-Filho 27.1 Background Metabolic syndrome (MSy) is a chronic condition related to visceral adiposity (waist circumference) in association with two or more other conditions as hyperten- sion, glucose intolerance, and dyslipidemia, according to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) (www.idf.org). MSy has been linked to the increased risk of car- diovascular disease (CVD) and mortality [1, 2]. Thus, as important as knowing these factors, it is to investigate the interrelationships of these clinical manifesta- tions to try to fnd ways to promote clinical improvement in individuals diagnosed with MSy. Moreover, insulin resistance has been described as a relevant factor in both type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and the MSy [2]. Additionally, Lo et al. (2016) [3] described that waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) is superior to body mass index and waist circumference for assessing adult cardiometabolic risk factors. Figure 27.1 shows various clinical conditions associated with MSy as (a) aging, (b) obesity (waist circumference), (c) T2DM, (d) dyslipidemia, (e) chronic pain, (f) insulin resistance, (g) sedentarism (inactivity), and (h) hypertension that will be considered in this chapter.