American Journal of Agricultural and Biological Science 2(2): 118-122, 2007
ISSN 1557-4989
© 2007 Science Publications
Corresponding Author: Osumanu Haruna Ahmed, Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences,
Universiti Putra Malaysia Bintulu Campus, Sarawak, Malaysia, Tel: (+6086855406, Fax:
+608685415
118
Effect of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers on Nitrogen and Potassium Uptake and Yield of
Sweet Corn Grown on an Acid Soil
Mohd. Taufik Mohd. Yusuff, Osumanu Haruna Ahmed, Wan Asrina Wan Yahaya and
Nik Muhamad Ab. Majid
Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences,
Universiti Putra Malaysia Bintulu Campus, Sarawak
97008 Bintulu, Sarawak Malaysia
Abstract: A field study was carried with the following objectives: (i) To investigate the effect of
compost, N, and K fertilizers on selected chemical properties of Bekenu series (Tipik Tualemkuts),
and (ii) To investigate the effect of compost, N and K fertilizers on N and K uptake and yield of
Masmadu variety cultivated on Bekenu series. Treatments evaluated were: (i) No fertilization (T1), (ii)
Hundred percent inorganic fertilizer application (T2), (iii) Eighty percent of N fertilizer plus twenty
percent of N from compost application (T3), (iv) Sixty percent of N fertilizer plus forty percent of N
from compost (T4), and (v) Application of hundred percent compost (T5). The experiment was
conducted at the share farm of Universiti Putra Malaysia Bintulu Campus, Sarawak, Malaysia. The
experimental design was a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 4 replications. Nitrogen
and K were applied in the forms of urea (46 % N) and muriate of potash (60 % K
2
O) in split i.e., at 15
days after planting (DAP) and 36 DAP, respectively. At 73 DAP, plants were harvested. The fresh
weight of cobs excluding guard rows was recorded. Dry weight (stem and leaves), N, K, Ca, and Mg
concentrations were determined by standard procedures. Soil sampling was done before and after
fertilization. Soil total N was determined using the Kjeldahl method while exchangeable K, Ca, and
Mg were extracted using the double acid method and their concentrations determined using atomic
absorption spectrophotometry. Dry ashing method was used for the determination of K, Ca, and Mg
concentrations in plant tissues while the Kjeldahl method was used to determine total N in plant
tissues. The concentrations multiplied by the oven dried weight of roots and stem provided N, K, Ca
and Mg uptake in these plant parts. T2, T3, T4 and T5 affected soil bulk density, CEC, pH, total N,
exchangeable K, Ca and Mg. The dry weight of Masmadu leaf was not affected by fertilization and so
was N and K uptake in this plant part. T2 was superior to the other treatments in terms of stem dry
weight and cob production although the uptake of N and K in Masmadu stem under T2 was
statistically not different from T3, and T4. Isotopic studies to quantify the amount of N and K
contributed by compost in relation N and K uptake and yield may help to conclusively explain why T2
was superior to T3 and T4 in particular.
Keywords: Bekenu series, sweet corn, organic fertilizers, inorganic fertilizers, compost, Malaysia
INTRODUCTION
The acceptance of crop produce can be influenced by
the source of nutrients involved in its production
[1]
.
Generally, in developing countries, a kg of vegetable or
crop produce using organic fertilizers attracts premium
than the same quality produced using inorganic
fertilizers. This is because it is believed that the former
is devoid of synthetic chemicals. The organic matter
produced during composting can beneficially add to
soil to supply nutrient such as N, P, K and essential
micronutrients to crop
[2]
. In most studies, compost
application has been observed to have positive effect on
soil physical and biological properties. The high rate of
compost application however cannot be done because
when the application is greatly in excesses of crop
needs, it becomes undesirable since the nutrients may
not be used effectively and the risk of water and soil