International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology. ISSN 0974-3154, Volume 12, Number 11 (2019), pp. 1864-1868
© International Research Publication House. http://www.irphouse.com
1864
Forecasting Foreign Tourist Arrivals to Bali: Hybrid Double
Exponential Smoothing Approach
Seng Hansun, Marcel Bonar Kristanda
Department of Informatics, Universitas Multimedia Nusantara, Tangerang, Indonesia.
Abstract
Bali is one of the most popular tourist destinations in the world.
With its magnificent nature and enchanting culture, it has
attracted many people to come and visit every year. The need
to have a proper and accurate tourist flow prediction has
become important since it could be a scientific reference for
decision making process for the development of tourism sectors
in Bali province. In this research, we try to forecast the foreign
tourist arrivals to Bali by using its monthly distribution data
recorded from January 2008 to December 2018. Two hybrid
double exponential smoothing methods, i.e. B-WEMA and H-
WEMA, were successfully implemented and could predict the
future foreign tourist arrivals number. B-WEMA excels H-
WEMA in terms of accuracy level which was calculated using
MSE and MAPE error measurements. Furthermore, the
prediction of foreign tourist arrivals to Bali province for 2019
was given which showed a slight increase compare to the
number of foreign tourist arrivals in 2018.
Keywords: Bali, Forecasting, Foreign tourist arrivals, Hybrid
double exponential smoothing, monthly distribution data.
I. INTRODUCTION
One of the key development factors and income sources for
many developing countries is the tourism sector. It is the main
factor for export income, job creation, and local development
[1]. In Indonesia, it has become the third largest GDP
contributor after oil and mining sectors [1].
Accurate prediction of tourist flow has become a key issue in
tourism economic analysis and development planning [2]. In
fact, it has attracted much attention from notable researchers and
practitioners, as we can see from the increasing academic
literature in this domain [3]. Some of them using statistical
approach, as we can see in the works of Hopken et al. [4], Zhu
et al. [5], and Tung [6]. Others used artificial intelligence and
machine learning approach, such as integrated fuzzy time series
model [7] and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) network [8].
Some others even proposed hybrid approaches as the works of
Liu et al. [9], Sun et al. [10], and Binru et al. [11].
One of the most popular tourist destinations in the world is Bali
province [12]. It is located in Indonesia, more exactly at 8°3’40”
- 8°50’48” S dan 114°25’53” - 115°42’40” E [13]. Figure 1
shows the Bali island map.
Fig. 1. Bali island map [14]
With its magnificent nature and enchanting culture, Bali has
attracted many people around the world to come [15]. Bali
Government Tourism Office has reported an increasing trend of
foreign tourist arrivals to Bali each year. In 2016, around 4.9
million foreign tourists had come to Bali and increased to 5.7
million people in 2017, and increased again in 2018 to 6.0
million people [16]. Therefore, there is a need for a proper and
accurate foreign tourist flow prediction to Bali province, since
it could become a scientific reference for decision making
process of tourism related departments.
In this research, we try to forecast foreign tourist arrivals to Bali
by its monthly distribution data. Two hybrid double
exponential smoothing methods will be incorporated here, i.e.
the Brown’s Weighted Exponential Moving Average (B-
WEMA) and Holt’s Weighted Exponential Moving Average
(H-WEMA) methods. Both of them are improved version of
original WEMA method which was introduced in 2013 [17].
Moreover, to get the accuracy level of both methods applied in
this study, we used Mean Square Error (MSE) and Mean
Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE), two of the most common
used forecast error measurement criteria in time series analysis.
In the next section, we will give more detail of B-WEMA and
H-WEMA followed by the explanation of MSE and MAPE in
Section 3. The implementation results and analysis will be
given in Section 4, and some conclusion remarks will end the
organization of this paper.