© The Author(s) 2018. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Zhejiang University Press. 213 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com Research Paper Contents of phytochemicals and antinutritional factors in commercial protein-rich plant products Pirjo H. Mattila,* Juha-Matti Pihlava,** Jarkko Hellström,** Markus Nurmi,** Merja Eurola,** Sari Mäkinen,** Taina Jalava**and Anne Pihlanto** *Natural Resources Institute Finland, Itäinen Pitkäkatu 4, 20520, Turku, Finland and ** Natural Resources Institute Finland, 31600 Jokioinen, Finland Correspondence to: Pirjo H. Mattila, Natural Resources Institute Finland, Itäinen Pitkäkatu 4, 20520 Turku, Finland. E-mail: pirjo.mattila@luke.f Received 29 March 2018; Revised 31 July 2018; Editorial decision 30 August 2018. Abstract Objectives: The goal of this study was to determine several benefcial and antinutritional compounds in the commercial products of some protein-rich crops. Materials and Methods: Samples of faba bean (Vicia faba), lupin (Lupinus angustifolius), rapeseed press cake (Brassica rapa/napus subsp. Oleifera), faxseed (Linum usitatissimum), oil hemp seed (Cannabis sativa), buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum), and quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) were purchased from the grocery stores and from the producers. The phytochemicals were analyzed using various validated methods. Results: Rape seed press cake contained the highest contents of phenolics. The highest contents of proanthocyanidins were found in faba bean (470 ± 14 mg/100g DW). Secoisolariciresinol-diglucoside content in the faxseeds was 138 ± 32 mg/100 g DW and the lignanamide content of hemp seeds was 77 ± 22 mg/100 g DW. The content of phytic acid in rapeseed cake, hemp seed and faxseed samples was 3.9 ± 0.1, 3.5 ± 0.2, and 1.9 ± 0 g/100 g DW, respectively. Rape seed cake contained glucosinolates 2.08 ± 0.74 umol/g DW and faba bean contained vicine and convicine 0.77 ± 0.11 and 0.42 ± 0.02 g/100 g DW, respectively. Quinoa contained saponins 557 mg/100 g DW and after abrasive milling/ pearling the content was 36 mg/100 g DW. Generally, the phytochemicals were concentrated in the outer shell of the seed. Inhibitory activities against proteolytic enzymes, trypsin and α-chymotrypsin, varied among the samples analyzed. Highest activity was found in buckwheat samples, whereas lupin and rapeseed press cake had no inhibitory activity against tested enzymes. Conclusions: This paper presented new fndings on the contents of phytochemicals in various under- used plant protein sources. Key words: protein-rich plants; phytochemicals; antinutrients; determination; contents. Introduction High animal protein consumption is a dominant feature of Western diets. However, there is a growing body of evidence identifying the urgent need to shift toward a more plant-based diet, for both environ- mental and physiological health reasons. High animal protein intake has been linked to an increased risk of chronic diseases, whereas plant protein has shown signifcant protective effects (Pedersen Food Quality and Safety, 2018, 2, 213–219 doi:10.1093/fqsafe/fyy021 Research Paper Advance Access publication 22 October 2018 Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/fqs/article/2/4/213/5142324 by guest on 25 April 2022