Nonlinear Dyn (2012) 67:1883–1891
DOI 10.1007/s11071-011-0115-2
ORIGINAL PAPER
Dynamic noise perturbed generalized superior Mandelbrot
sets
Rashi Agarwal · Vishal Agarwal
Received: 12 January 2011 / Accepted: 29 May 2011 / Published online: 13 July 2011
© Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2011
Abstract The invention of the latest tools and tech-
nology toward computer aided graphics and drawing
completely change the thinking view of researchers in
analyzing and studying the behavior of a dynamical
system. Inspired by work already performed and by
adopting the experimental mathematical methods of
combining the theory of analytic function with com-
puter aided drawing technology, we generated gener-
alized superior Mandelbrot sets (SM-sets). Also, we
analyzed the effect of dynamic noise on SM-sets.
Keywords Mandelbrot set · Superior orbit · Superior
Mandelbrot set · Additive noise · Multiplicative
noise · General noise
1 Introduction
In recent 20 years, researchers have found existed
orderly structure in generalized Mandelbrot-sets (M-
sets) constructed from the complex map z
n+1
= z
α
n
+
c(α ∈ R) [8, 23] and the direct relationship between α
R. Agarwal ( )
Department of Computer Science, Sharda University,
Greater Noida, India
e-mail: agarwal_rashi@yahoo.com
V. Agarwal
Aricent, Gurgoan, India
e-mail: agarwal_vishal@yahoo.com
and visual structural characteristics of generalized M-
sets [12]. Some of the authors found asymmetric and
symmetric evolution of generalized M-sets when the
phase angle θ ∈ [−π,π), described the fractal growth
along certain shock lines [11] and put forward the em-
bedded topological distribution theorem of the gen-
eralized M-sets [30]. Sasmor analyzed both the dy-
namic and parameter spaces and discussed the conse-
quences of the discontinuity of the function f (z) [22].
Romera and Pastor et al. researched on the equiv-
alence relationship between subshrubs and chaotic
bands in the Misiurewicz points [16, 21]. Geum and
Wang studied the structure, distribution of the peri-
odic bud of generalized M-sets, and the topological
rule of their periodic trajectories [10, 24]. Beck and
Wang both discussed the physical meaning of gener-
alized M-sets [9, 26]. Andreadis and Karakasidis re-
searched probabilistic Mandelbrot sets and topological
closeness of perturbed Mandelbrot sets and perturbed
Julia sets [1–3].
Indeed, a pure deterministic system rarely exists in
reality as stochastic noise is ubiquitous. Argyris et al.
have discussed the notion of a dynamical noise [4–7]
and studied the effect of additive and multiplicative
noises on the perturbation of Mandelbrot map [5] and
Julia sets [4]. Stochastic aspects of dynamics and syn-
chronization of chaos was experimentally studied us-
ing continuous control [13, 14]. Further, the effect of
noise on the correlation dimension of chaotic attrac-
tors was studied [4].