Journal of Vocational Behavior 21, 123-163 (1982) Vocational Behavior and Career Development, 1981: A Review BRUCE R. FRETZ AND FREDERICK T. L. LEONG University of Maryland The literature related to vocational behavior and career development published during 1981 is reviewed in this paper. (Unless otherwise in- dicated, all references are 1981.) As in the Garbin and Stover (1980) and Bat-to1 reviews, pertinent books and empirical and theoretical articles, published in the primary journals in the fields of psychology, sociology, and organizational behavior were reviewed. Exclusions included articles focused primarily on measurement methodology (except where unique to vocational behavior) and empirical studies based on populations en- tirely outside of North America. The latter is a growing body of literature but not yet sufficiently well developed to ascertain the appropriateness of generalizing across radically different economic and cultural environ- ments. The major categories of this review include vocational behavior of women, vocational behavior of blacks, assessment, aspiration and choice, life span aspects of careers, worker adjustment problems, and interventions. VOCATIONAL BEHAVIOR OF WOMEN Long overdue, and therefore welcomed all the more, is a set of studies in 1981 that focuses on the development and implementation of women’s careers through middle age. Consideration of them in this one section provides a timely contribution to the nascent development of the psy- chology of women in the world of work. Three authors found very early development of a sexual division of labor even in contemporary society. Riley, in a survey of 540 kindergarten children, found that 97% of the girls selected occupations which are traditionally female and 85% of the boys selected occupations which are traditionally male. The boys also perceived a significantly wider range of vocational options than the girls. Teglasi obtained similar stereotyped selections from 96 kindergarten through 6th-grade children when as- sessing preferences for various toys and occupations. White and Brink- erhoff’s survey of the division of family chores and paid employment 123 OOOI-8791/82/050123-41$02.00/O Copyright 0 1982 by Academic Press, Inc. All rights of reproduction in any form reserved.