Acta Scientific MICROBIOLOGY (ISSN: 2581-3226)
Volume 5 Issue 4 April 2022
Covid-19 Pandemic and its Variants (Delta and Omicron). Classification,
Symptoms, Diagnosis and its Possible Health Impacts Especially on children
Ajaz Rasool
1
, Jeelani Gousia
2
and Baba Uqab
3
*
1
Department of Zoology, University of Kashmir, India
2
Centre of Research for Development, University of Kashmir, India
3
S P College, Srinagar, India
*Corresponding Author: Baba Uqab, S P College, Srinagar, India.
Review Article
Received: February 18, 2022
Published: March 16, 2022
© All rights are reserved by Baba Uqab., et al.
Abstract
DOI: 10.31080/ASMI.2022.05.1034
Covid-19 is continuously sprouting its tentacles in the form of new variants. With genetic instability in virus genomics and struc-
ture, Variants of Concern have emerged thick and fast from the original virus. Omicron is the latest of the variants which has emerged
out to be the new concern to the health, economics and world order. With 34 mutations in spike protein and 15 in its receptor binding
domain alone, Omicron is really a variant of concern. High number of non-synonymous mutations in spike protein has been revealed
in omicron variant that are involved in transmissibility, disease severity and immune escape. A total of more than 60 mutations have
been reported in omicron variant making it variant with the most mutations sites of all SARS-Cov-2 variants characterized so far.
COVID-19’s ability to induce long-term consequences was unknown at the start of the epidemic. However, it has been discovered that
this is not the case, and people with “long haul COVID-19” might experience a variety of ocular problems.
Keywords: Covid-19; Mutations; Omicron; Ocular Problems
Introduction
Corona virus has emerged as new threat to the world order
with its unprecedented emergence and pandemics. Owing to the
flexible nature of virus genetic material, variants of corona viruses
have emerged in thick and fast with varied transmissibility and
virulence. Over the course of more than 270 million confirmed
COVID infections worldwide, the virus has undergone remarkable
diversification, producing >1,500 uniquely identified Pango lin-
eages [1]. In order to prioritize monitoring and research of vari-
ants, WHO has classified these variants into three categories: vari-
ants of concern (VOCs), variants of interest (VOIs), and variants
under monitoring (VUMs). The previous four VOCs include Alpha
(B.1.1.7), Beta (B.1.351), Gamma (P.1), and Delta (B.1.617.2).2 All
these variants were of great concern and resulted in a new wave
of pandemic and thousands of deaths in more than one country
and area, and even across the whole world. On November 26, 2021,
a new variant namely Omicron (B.1.1.529) was designated as the
fifth VOC by WHO, which immediately raised global concerns. The
term “variant of concern” (VOC) for SARS-CoV-2 refers to the vari-
ants which have mutations in their receptor binding domain of
Spike protein which in turn dramatically improve binding affinity
in the RBD-hACE2 complex and thus causing fast dissemination
in human populations [2]. Majority of the mutations in sequences
are projected to be detrimental and swiftly removed or as neutral
while some are predicted to influence functional characteristics
and therefore possibly modifying infection rate, interaction with
host immune system or disease severity [3]. On the other hand,
development of SARS-CoV-2 has been marked by introduction of
variants of concern, modifications in viral properties like disease
transmission and antigenicity because of the change in human im-
munological composition [4].
Citation: Baba Uqab., et al. “Covid-19 Pandemic and its Variants (Delta and Omicron). Classification, Symptoms, Diagnosis and its Possible Health Impacts
Especially on children". Acta Scientific Microbiology 5.4 (2022): 48-52.