Jordan Journal of Biological Sciences (JJBS) The Jordan Journal of Biological Sciences (JJBS) welcomes submissions of articles. The JJBS is to publish refereed, well- written original research articles, and studies that describe the latest research and developments in Biological Sciences. The JJBS is published by the Hashemite University in corporation with the Jordanian Scientific Research Support Fund. , Zarqa, Jordan. The areas of interest include but are not limited to: Cell Biology Biochemistry Molecular Biology Genetics Immunology Plant Biology and Physiology Plant Taxonomy Animal Biology and Physiology Animal Diversity Mycology Bacteriology and Virology Ecology Contributions in all areas at the interface of biology and other disciplines such as chemistry, physics, and mathematics are welcomed. Interested authors are encouraged to read “Instructions for Authors” while preparing their manuscripts. Send your contributions to: Editor-in-Chief Professor Naim S. Ismail Hashemite University Editorial Board (Arranged alphabetically): Professor Abdallah, Shtaywy S. Professor Abu-Elteen, Khaled H. Professor Khalil, Ahmad M. Yarmouk University Professor Oran, Sawsan A. University of Jordan Professor Saleh, Suliman Ahmad Professor Sallal, Abdul-Karim J. Professor Tarawneh, Khaled A. Mutah University Advisory Board: Prof. Dr. Abdul Karim Nasher, Sanna' University, Yemen. Mutah University, Jordan. Prof. Dr. Adnan Badran, Prof. Allah Hafiz Abdul Haque, Prof. Faouzia Charafi, Tunis El Manar University, Tunisia. Prof. Glyn Stanway, University of Essex, England Prof. Hala Mohtaseb, American University of Beirut, Lebanon. Prof. James Bamburg, Colorado State University, U.S.A. Prof. Jochen Martens, Institute Fur Zoologie, Germany. National University of Ireland, Ireland Prof. Mohmoud A. Ghannoum, Reserve University, U.S.A. Prof. Dr. Mohye Eddin Juma, Prof. Philip C. Hanawalt, Stanford University, California, U.S.A. Prof. Dr. Rateb El-Oran, Mutah University, Jordan. Prof. Wolfgang Waitzbauer, University of Vienna, Austria. Submission Address Professor Naim S. Ismail Deanship of Scientific Research and Graduate Studies Hashemite University P.O. Box 330127, Zarqa, 13115, JORDAN Phone: +962-5-3903333 ext. 4147 E-Mail: jjbs@hu.edu.jo Editorial Board Support Team Language Editor Publishing Layout Dr. Qusai Al-Debyan MCPD. Osama AlShareet Hashemite University Jordan University of Science and Technology University of Jordan Hashemite University National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetics Engeneering, Pakistan. University of Damascus, Syria. Petra University, Jordan. University Hospital of Cleveland and Case Western Prof. Dr. Abdul Rahim El-Hunaiti, Prof. Kevin