Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 10, No. 9; 2018 ISSN 1916-9752 E-ISSN 1916-9760 Published by Canadian Center of Science and Education 344 Antioxidant Activity, Rutin Content and Genetic Similarity Between Matrices and Progenies of Hancornia speciosa Caroline de Araújo Machado 1 , Leila Albuquerque Resende de Oliveira 1 , Annie Carolina Araújo de Oliveira 1 , Milena Nascimento Cardoso 1 , Francine Ferreira Padilha 2 , Bruno Trindade Cardoso 3 , Ana Veruska Cruz da Silva 3 & Ana da Silva Ledo 3 1 Programa de Pós-graduação em Agricultura e Biodiversidade, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil 2 Programa de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia Industrial, Universidade Tiradentes, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil 3 Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil 4 Embrapa Tabuleiros Costeiros, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil Correspondence: Caroline de Araújo Machado, Programa de Pós-graduação em Agricultura e Biodiversidade, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Av. Marechal Rondon s/n, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil. Tel: 55-79-999-199-119. E-mail: camachado@hotmail.com Received: May 8, 2018 Accepted: June 24, 2018 Online Published: August 15, 2018 doi:10.5539/jas.v10n9p344 URL: https://doi.org/10.5539/jas.v10n9p344 Abstract Mangaba tree (Hancornia speciosa Gomes) is a tropical fruit species from Brazil and presents socioeconomic potential. The objective of this study was to determine antioxidant activity, rutin content and genetic similarity among in vivo and in vitro matrices and progenies of six accessions from the Mangaba Active Germplasm Bank of the Embrapa Coastal Tablelands, SE, Brazil. Young leaves of adult matrix plants and in vitro callus methanolic extracts obtained from young leaves resulted in differences between the accessions for the rutin content and high antioxidant activity. The Costa Azul accession, from Bahia, Brazil outstood with values above 3,000 g of dry extract/g of DPPH (2.2-diphenyl-1-picrilhydrazyl) in in vitro callus coming from nodal and internodal segments (3,023.73 and 3,136.80 g of dry extract/g of DPPH, respectively). Rutin was not found in extracts resulting from in vitro callus of mangaba tree. The difference among the values obtained for DPPH analysis are superior when compared with in vivo leaf extract, with the in vitro Costa Azul accession (nodal and internodal) outstanding, concluding that in vitro callus induction can interfere with chemical compounds of the plant. The markers detect genetic similarity under in vitro cultivation conditions. The Costa Azul accession group itself in isolation from others and EC 50 concentrations differentiated between leaf and callus are obtained. O EC 50 is superior in extracts deriving from in vitro callus, with the in vitro Costa Azul accession (nodal and internodal). Keywords: HPLC, ISSR, DPPH, callogenesis 1. Introduction The mangaba tree (Hancornia speciosa Gomes) is a Brazilian fruit species, belonging to the Apocynaceae family (Silva et al., 2017). It presents great market potential within the tropical fruits segment. The fruit (mangaba) is very important for the Brazilian agroindustry, especially in the northeastern region (Santos et al., 2017). Besides this, mangaba tree present potential for recovery of degraded areas, allowing its sustainable use, also serving as a source of alternative income for local populations (Oliveira et al., 2016). According to data from IBGE (Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics) (2016) presented extractive production of 922 tons of mangaba and, in 2015, 663 tons, an increase of 39.1%. The total national production, Sergipe is in fourth place, this fact was caused by the 33% reduction of the mangaba collectors and due to the real estate advance in areas of natural production of this species. However, the increase in production in other states is considered due to its fruitful potential, being one of the cerrado species with greater chances of being studied aiming its conservation. The medicinal properties of mangaba have been reported by some authors. Antihypertensive activity potential demonstrated in in vitro studies for the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition to the ethanolic extraction of leaves (Serra et al., 2005) and endothelium-dependent vasodilatation activity, via nitric oxide, in in