ELSEVIER MicroeloetronieEngineering 35 (1997) 281-284
MICROELECTRONIC
ENGINEERING
AFM-based fabrication of lateral single-electron tunneling structures for
elevated temperature operation
L. Montelius, T. Junno, S.-B. Carlsson and L. Samuelson
Department of Solid State Physics & The Nanometer Structure Consortium, Lund University,
P.O. Box 118, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
In this paper we will report a method that allows controlled positioning of individual
nanoparticles between e-beam defined metal electrodes using AFM technique, having not only
the imaging capability in the AFM for inspection of the positioning, but also in-situ electrical
monitoring of the assembly procedure. This means that an electrical signal is recorded when an
electrical link between the lateral metal electrodes, via the positioned particles, is established.
1. INTRODUCTION
In recent years the interest for
devices based upon the properties of low-
dimensional structures has increased
substantially. Devices utilizing single
electron tunneling (SET) phenomena are
possible candidates for single electron
memories that might allow room
temperature operation. Coulomb blockade
effects have been observed at low
temperatures in numerous tunnel barrier
structures for both metals and
semiconductors [1-3]. The first observation of
Coulomb charging effects at room
temperature was obtained by creating a
vertical double barrier structure using the
tip of a scanning tunneling microscope and a
small metal particle [4]. However, from a
practical point of view it is obviuos that
scanning tunneling microscopes cannot form
the basis for any electronics applications
where single or complex combinations of SET
devices will be used.
Lately the focus of possible room
temperature SET-devices have instead been
shifted towards fabrication of lateral
tunnel structures. For instance, Chen et al
deposited AuPd nanocrystals between Au
electrodes employing combined e-beam
lithography and ion beam deposition, and
clear Columb blockade effects were observed
at 77K [5]. However, the fabrication method
is very hard to control and reproduce, which
limits it's practical impact from a device
point of view. Other proposed techniques
that might have a larger potential for device
fabrication involves some kind of self-
aligning/assembly process(es) of conducting
particles between metal electrodes. Such an
approach was recently reported by Klein et
al. [6] They managed to make a link of
several colloidal Au clusters between e-beam
defined electrodes. The electrodes were
chemically modified in order to promote the
adhesion of the colloidal particles.
However, this methods lacks controllability
in the way the conducting/blocking chain of
particles are formed between the electrodes,
which also was revealed by large
fluctuations in the I-V spectra due to
environmental changes during the
measurement.
In this paper we will, for the first
time, report an AFM-based method that
besides allowing accurate positioning of
individual nanoparticles in the gap between
metal electrodes, also allows in-situ
0167-9317(97)/$17.00 © 1997 Elsevier Science B.V~ All tights reserved.
PII: S0167-9317(96)00114-1