CHEMICAL ENGINEERING TRANSACTIONS
VOL. 63, 2018
A publication of
The Italian Association
of Chemical Engineering
Online at www.aidic.it/cet
Guest Editors: Jeng Shiun Lim, Wai Shin Ho, Jiří J. Klemeš
Copyright © 2018, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l.
ISBN 978-88-95608-61-7; ISSN 2283-9216
“Bantay Tambutso” Project Implementation for Reducing Air
Pollution: The DMMMSU-NLUC, Philippines Experience
Desiree A. Vilar*, Leonora E. Ngilangil, Jacklyn C. Andrada, Jomar J. Lucena
Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University, Bacnotan, La Union, Philippines
desavilar25@gmail.com
Air pollution is one of the most serious environmental problems resulting from rapid industrialisation and
increasing number of vehicles. To reduce air pollution in the school premises, the Don Mariano Marcos
Memorial State University-North La Union Campus (DMMMSU-NLUC) adopted the “Bantay Tambutso” Project
of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR). This promotes massive awareness to curb
air pollution from vehicle emissions. This project is implemented through field testing with the technical
personnel from the Land Transportation Office (LTO) and the extension workers. This project was carried out
through the conduct of random stationary emission testing of the public, private and government vehicles in
the school campus. This conduct aimed to check whether drivers and owners of motor vehicles are exercising
proper and regular engine tune-up to prevent smoke belching and to check the compliance with the standards
set forth under the Clean Air Act. Based on the random emission testing conducted, only 4 % and 7 % of the
gasoline-fueled and diesel-fueled vehicles, failed the emission standards. Those who failed were suspended
in using their vehicles until their vehicles compliance with the emission standards. This project was
supplemented by other school programs to reduce or prevent air pollution in the school premises.
1. Introduction
One of the most challenging problems in today’s generation is environmental pollution and one of the most
serious environmental problems is air pollution. Air pollution is defined as the presence of chemicals in the
atmosphere in quantities and duration that are harmful to human health and the environment. It occurs when
the concentration of certain substances become high enough to cause the atmospheric environment to
become toxic (Gadi et al., 2012).
Air pollution can be resulted from both natural and human activities. Natural events that pollute the air include
forest fires, volcanic eruptions, wind erosion, pollen dispersal, evaporation of organic compounds and natural
radioactivity. Pollution from natural sources is not very often. On the other hand, human activities that result in
air pollution include emissions from industries and manufacturing activities, and burning of fossil fuels. Waste
incinerators, manufacturing industries and power plants emit high levels of carbon monoxide, organic
compounds, and chemicals into the air. Petroleum refineries also release lots of hydrocarbons into the air.
Similarly, cars and heavy duty trucks, trains, shipping vessels and airplanes all burn lots of fossil fuels to work.
Emissions from automobile engines contain both primary and secondary pollutants. This make it difficult to
manage air pollution because humans rely heavily on vehicles and engines for transporting people, goods and
services (eSchooltoday, 2017).
Carbon monoxide is the main pollutant that is warming the Earth. Though living organisms emit carbon dioxide
when breathing, carbon dioxide is widely considered to be a pollutant when associated with cars, planes,
power plants, and other human activities that involve the burning of fossil fuels such as gasoline and natural
gas (National Geographic Partners, 2017). In the Philippines, air pollution is among the main problems in
highly populated cities and urban centers through fuel combustion in the industrial and transportation sector.
In 2009 National State of the Brown Environment Report, it was reported that 65 % of air pollutants are from
mobile sources such as cars, motorcycles, trucks and buses (Pedrosa, 2016).
Air pollution is the most crucial from the point of human health. Every human being inhales about 15 - 22 kg of
air daily and if that air is polluted, human health is easily affected. Exposures to emissions of lead, mercury,
DOI: 10.3303/CET1863017
Please cite this article as: Desiree A. Vilar, Leonora E. Ngilangil, Jacklyn C. Andrada, Jomar J. Lucena, 2018, “bantay tambutso” project
implementation for reducing air pollution: the dmmmsu-nluc, philippines experience, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 63, 97-102
DOI:10.3303/CET1863017
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