November 2017 · Volume 6 · Issue 11 Page 5118
International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology
Dubey S et al. Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol. 2017 Nov;6(11):5118-5121
www.ijrcog.org
pISSN 2320-1770 | eISSN 2320-1789
Original Research Article
Referrals revisited: a clinical audit
Swati Dubey*, Sumita Mehta, Sonam Singh, Anshul Rohatgi
INTRODUCTION
Pregnancy and childbirth are physiological processes;
however, severe maternal morbidity can complicate
certain pregnancies, deliveries and puerperium.
Approximately 30% of such obstetric cases belong to this
high-risk category which collectively accounts for 70-
80% of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality.
1
According to WHO, in comparison to a developed
country, a woman in a developing country is at 33 times
higher risk of dying from obstetrical causes, in her
lifetime.
2
UNICEF data estimates that about 800 women
die every day due to preventable obstetric causes and 20
per cent of these women belong to India. India’s share of
global maternal deaths is 17%, with 55,000 women dying
of preventable obstetric causes annually.
3,4
Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR) reflects the overall
health care system of the society and their attitude
towards women. India has failed to achieve the
Millennium Development Goal (MDG) of decreasing the
MMR by 75% by the year 2015 as compared to the year
2010, as reflected in MMR, which reduced from 215 in
2010 to 174 in 2015.
3,4
To prevent maternal/neonatal mortality, the high-risk
category needs timely identification and intervention and
if need be, prompt referral to higher centres where
HDU/ICU level of care is provided. The health care
system needs to be ready to manage such high-risk cases
with a positive outcome. In our country, healthcare is
provided at primary, secondary and tertiary level;
therefore, a strong, structured referral system assumes
prime importance in meeting this challenge.
ABSTRACT
Background: Pregnancy and childbirth are physiological processes; however, severe maternal morbidity can
complicate certain pregnancies, deliveries and puerperium. To prevent maternal/ neonatal morbidity and mortality, the
high-risk category needs timely identification and intervention and if required, prompt referral to higher centres where
HDU/ICU level of care is provided. The present study was a clinical audit of obstetric referrals.
Methods: A clinical audit of all obstetrics referrals done at BJRM (secondary level facility) from 1
st
May to 31
st
October 2016. The cases were analysed with respect to demographics, indications for referral and barrier to services.
Results: Referral rate of our hospital was 6.52%. Mean age of women referred was 24.16 years. The associated risk
factors were PIH in 36.17%, anaemia in 34.04%, followed by thrombocytopenia and diabetes in pregnancy. Majority
of referrals were done in women during labour 93.94% while only 3.03% referrals during post-partum period. Most
common indication was MSL with foetal distress 20.96%, followed by hypertensive disorders in pregnancy 16.93%.
Other indications were APH, malpresentation, 2
nd
stage arrest and cord prolapse. The main barriers to providing
services at our institute were unavailability of 24 hours OT services, blood bank and ICU care.
Conclusions: Standard referral protocol and well-defined linkages need to be established so as to have better co-
ordination between the referral units and tertiary centres.
Keywords: Barrier in referral service, High risk pregnancy, Obstetric referral, Referral protocol
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Babu Jagjiwan Ram Memorial Hospital, Jahangirpuri, New Delhi, India
Received: 12 September 2017
Accepted: 05 October 2017
*Correspondence:
Dr. Swati Dubey,
E-mail: minidubey23@gmail.com
Copyright: © the author(s), publisher and licensee Medip Academy. This is an open-access article distributed under
the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License, which permits unrestricted non-commercial
use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20175036