Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Management
December 2019, Vol. 7, No. 2, pp. 40-47
ISSN: 2372-5125 (Print), 2372-5133 (Online)
Copyright © The Author(s). All Rights Reserved.
Published by American Research Institute for Policy Development
DOI: 10.15640/jthm.v7n2a5
URL: https://doi.org/10.15640/jthm.v7n2a5
The Role of Tour Guides in Promotion of Sustainable Tourism Practices in Kenya
Kabii Francis
1
, John K.M. Wandaka
2
(PhD), Ann Wamathai
3
(PhD) & Naghea Jilo
4
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of tour guides in the promotion of sustainable tourism
practices when visiting protected areas in Kenya when visitors watch wildlife. Although many scholars agree
that tour guides have a role in satisfying visitors and promotion of a destination, limited studies have been
conducted to find out the role of guides in promotion of sustainable tourism practices. The objective of the
study was to examine the influence of tour guides work experience and their level of education on the way
they implemented sustainable tourism practices. It also sought to examine whether tour guides adhere to
their rules and code of ethics and whether their level of education and work experience had any influence.
The target population was practicing tour guides who were randomly selected. Qualitative and quantitative
data was collected. The findings from the Chi-square test of independence indicated no significant
relationship existed between the tour guides experience and their opinion on their role in protecting wildlife
and the environment, and promotion of sustainable tourism practices (χ
2
=1.66, df =3, p=0.647 ) since the p-
value was greater than 0.05. The study also noted that there existed a significant relationship between guides
work experience (χ
2
=11.71, df =6, p=0.069), guides level of education (χ
2
=0.147, df =2, p=0.092) and their
knowledge on visitors impact on the environment and wildlife. The study recommends regularly training of
tour guides who then can educate the visitors on the impact of their activities on wildlife, environment and
the local communities as a way of mitigating negative impacts
Keywords: Tour Guide, Role, Sustainable Tourism, Practices
1.0 Background of the study
Limited studies have been conducted in Kenya to examine the role of tour guides in the promotion and
enforcement of sustainable tourism practices, a gap this study intended to fill. The study explored impacts of visitors
to wildlife and the environment and what tour guides do to ensure negative impacts are mitigated and managed to the
lowest level possible. It also evaluated some existing code of ethics that are intended to put in force sustainable
tourism practices for both visitors and tour guides. The study proposed that the level of guides‟ education and work
experience influences the way they communicate and enforce sustainable tourism practices while conducting a tour. It
hypothesizes that there is a significant relationship between tour guides work experience and their level of education
and the way they communicate to their visitors „sustainable tourism practices during the tour.
According to European Federation of Tourist Guide Association (WFTGA, 2013) a tour guide is a person
who guides groups or individuals around venues or places of interest such as natural areas, historic buildings and sites,
and landscapes of a city or a region; and interprets the cultural and natural heritage inspiringly and entertainingly in the
language of the visitor‟s choice (Cetin, 2017). Tour guides thus play a significant role in promoting sustainable
tourism. A study by Pereira & Mykletun, (2012) concluded that guides' contribution to sustainable tourism
development is low. However, Kabii, (2017) and AP and Wong (2000) noted that tourist guides provide an important
part of the interface between the host destination and visitors since front-line employees are very much responsible
for the overall impression and satisfaction with the tour services offered by a destination.
1
Lecturers, Kenya Utalii College, Nairobi, Kenya. E-mail: fkabii@utalii.ac.ke
2
Deputy Director of Studies, Kenya Utalii College.
3
Dean of students, Kenya Utalii College
4
Research Assistant, Kenya Utalii College