Ways of knowing for ‘response-ability’ in
more-than-human encounters: the role
of anticipatory knowledges in outdoor
access with dogs
Katrina Brown* and Rachel Dilley**
*James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen AB15 8QH
Email: katrina.brown@hutton.ac.uk
**Department of Sociological Studies, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TU
Revised manuscript received 20 August 2011
Geographical scholarship is increasingly concerned with how knowledges count in human–nonhuman
relations, including questions of what it takes to achieve responsible practice, and the forms of expertise
that shape corporeal encounters. This paper highlights how the outdoors comes to be known matters for
the integrity of human and non-human bodies performing and encountered in outdoor spaces. It
examines some of the ways of knowing demanded in accomplishing responsible outdoor access with
dogs, in terms of constituting response-ability – or the capacity to respond – across species and
geographical difference. Through mobile and visual ethnographic methods enabling episodes and
repertoires of canine–human enactments to be witnessed and recounted, we identify ways of knowing
the outdoors that exceed cognition of the formal scriptings of conduct, yet are crucial to preventing its
transgression through engendering capacities to respond. We identify in particular the role of anticipa-
tory knowledges, and argue that better account needs to be taken of the embodied preparatory and
pre-emptory ways of knowing that make the mutual doings of response-ability across spatial and species
difference possible. These encompass a set of temporally interleaving spatio-corporeal competencies
that render the crux time-spaces of ‘irresponsible’ human–nonhuman ruptures preventable rather than
merely recognisable. They work by shaping and being attuned to how dog and human bodies become
articulate to each other in relation to the shifting ecologies, topographies, terrains and proximities of an
outdoor excursion. Consequently, we raise the question of the work of responsibility done (or not) in
terms of our human obligations to animals when attentions become focused on codified rather than the
broader range of outdoor knowledges.
Key words: anticipation, knowledges, video ethnography, outdoor access, embodiment, human–animal
relations
Know the Code before you go!
So urges campaign materials seeking to encourage
responsible outdoor practice in Scotland. The message is
typically followed by a brief set of principles or rules
of conduct drawn from the Scottish Outdoor Access
Code (hereafter ‘the Code’; SNH 2005), which stipulate
‘responsible’ behaviour, upon which these legal rights of
access are explicitly contingent. Clearly a ‘responsible’
subject – and thus one meriting legal legitimacy – is held
to be a ‘knowing’ subject. In this paper we seek to
address what exactly is meant by knowing how to
conduct oneself responsibly outdoors. Using the
example of outdoor access with dogs, we consider the
ways of knowing demanded in achieving responsible
practice, in terms of precisely how people need to know.
This in turn highlights how the outdoors comes to be
known matters, not only for enjoyment and confidence
in enacting rights of outdoor access, but also for the
integrity of human and non-human bodies performing
Area (2012) 44.1, 37–45 doi: 10.1111/j.1475-4762.2011.01059.x
Area Vol. 44 No. 1, pp. 37–45, 2012
ISSN 0004-0894 © 2011 The Authors.
Area © 2011 Royal Geographical Society (with the Institute of British Geographers)