Physica C 162-164 (1989) 508-509
North-Holland
EVIDENCE FOR AN INTRINSIC LINEAR TERM IN THE T-DEPENDENCE OF THE THERMAL
CONDUCqTvrrY OF SUPERCONDUCTING YBa2Cu30 r AND Bi2Sr2CaCu2Os SINGLE CRYSTALS
G. SPARN, M. BAEN1TZ, S. HORN, F. STEGLICH, W. ASSMUS*, T. WOLF s, A. KAPITULNIK ÷, Z.X. ZHAO #
Institut for Festk6rperphysik, Technlsehe Hochschule Darmstadt and SFB 252, D-6100 Darmstadt, F.R.G. ;
*Universit~it Frankfurt and SFB 252, D-6000 Frankfurt, F.R.G.; SKernforsehnngszentrum Karlsruhe, 1TP, D-7500
Karlsruhe, F.R.G.; ÷Dpt. of Appl.Phys., Stanford University, CA-94305, USA; #Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica,
Beijing, P.R.China
The thermal conductivity (T) of superconducting YBa2Cu30 z and Bi2SrzCaCuzOa single crystals contains an intrinsic
non-phononie contribution for T<0.5K which variesq.inear in temperature and very likely reflects the presence of
light normal carriers far below T e .
INTRODUCTION. Linear terms in the low temperature
specific heat of high temperature superconductors (HTSC)
have been found to depend strongly on temperature and
magnetic field and have thus been attr~uted to spin glass
effects caused by local defects. 1 This would mask any
possible intrinsic linear term -tiT.While such local spin-glass
excitations do not contribute to heat transport, the low
energy excitations (LEE) giving rise to ~tiT may be
observable in a thermal conductivity (TC) experiment.
In fact, TC results on polycrystalline oxide superconductors
like YBa2Cu30 r (YBCO), (La 1.xSrx)CuO4 or
BaPb.rsBi.250 3 show a contribution linear in T at very low
temperatures in addition to the ordinary phonon
contribution ~T~ (boundary scattering) as T-*0 .2,5
Consequently an expression ,c(T)=aT + bT3 fits the data
points very well for T< 1K as reported earlier by us and
other groups. 2'3'4 The fact that this linear term is only
present for superconducting samples, while it is absent
in samples where superconductivity is suppressed
(e.g. YBCO?_t, a>0.5), proves its relation to the
superconducting state of these materials.Moereover, Cohn
et al.6 have shown that when oxygen is extracted from and
reloaded into a YBCO ceramic, the aT term reversibly
vanishes and reappears, although the size and distribution of
the grains did not change. The latter observations seem to
be inconsistent with an interpretation of the low-T TC data
in terms of both phonon (Rayleigh) scatteringr and extrinsic
TC contributions by normal metallic impurity phases. To
substantiate these previous conclusions, we present in this
paper results of TC measurements demonstrating the
existence of a linear term in shade crystals of YBCO and
BSCCO.
SAMPLES. We have investigated four samples,
prepared by different groups, i.e. flux grown and followed by
an anneal in an oxygen flow for longer than one week.The
dimensions of the specimens are: lxlx2.5 mm 3 for YBCO
(I); 1.54x2x3 mm 3 forYBCO (II); 1.9xl.6x5.2 mm 3 for
BSCCO (HI) and 1.2mm in diameter and 7mm long for
BSCCO (IV).
RESULTS. In Figs.la and lb we plot the TC data of
YBCO samples (I) and (II) and BSCCO sample (HI) versus
temperature on a double logarithmic scale .The TC curves
of the two BSCCO crystals measured are virtually identical,
confLrming their intrinsic nature.The solid lines represent a
fit of ~(T)= aT + bT 3 to the TC data measured within the
a/b-plane.The straight lines correspond to linear and cubic
T-dependence, respectively, and describe the asymptotic
behavior of the measured curve (for the coefficients refer to
Table 1). This fit describes the TC of all samples below
T=300 mK with a deviation of less than 5%.A fit to a T 2
dependence as used by Graebner et al.r produces a much
larger deviation of approximately 15%, with the departure
in digression largest at low temperature. It is obvious from
Table 1 that the linear term is about the same size in all
samples, but becomes less apparent as the grain size
increases, i.e., going from polycrystal (V) to single crystal
samples.The flattening of ~(T) (for temperatures T> 0.5K)
in the single crystal data of Fig.1 compared to polycrystal
data 2 is ascribed to a larger dislocation density in the
former: the phonon-dislocation cross section varies as T -2
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