© 2011 California Institute of Technology. Government sponsorship acknowledged.
Title: The Hyperspectral Thermal Emission
Spectrometer (HyTES): preliminary results
Author: Simon Hook
Organization: Jet Propulsion Laboratory,
California Institute of Technology, 4800
Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California
91109
Co-Authors: William R. Johnson, Bjorn T.
Eng, Sarath D. Gunapala, Andrew U.
Lamborn, Pantazis Z. Mouroulis,
Christopher G. Paine, Alexander Soibel,
Daniel W. Wilson
Abstract:
The Hyperspectral Thermal Emission
Spectrometer (HyTES) is being developed
as part of the risk reduction activities
associated with the Hyperspectral Infrared
Imager (HyspIRI). HyspIRI is one of the
Tier 2 Decadal Survey Missions. HyTES
will provide information on how to place the
filters on the HyspIRI Thermal Infrared
Instrument (TIR) as well as provide
antecedent science data. The pushbroom
design has 512 spatial pixels over a 50-
degree field of view and 256 spectral
channels between 7.5μm to 12μm. HyTES
includes many key enabling state-of-the-art
technologies including a high performance
convex diffraction grating, a quantum well
infrared photodetector (QWIP) focal plane
array, and a compact Dyson-inspired optical
design. The Dyson optical design allows for
a very compact and optically fast system
(F/1.6). It also minimizes cooling
requirements due to the fact it has a single
monolithic prism-like grating design which
allows baffling for stray light suppression.
The monolithic configuration eases
mechanical tolerancing requirements which
are a concern since the complete optical
assembly is operated at cryogenic
temperatures (~100K). The QWIP allows for
optimum spatial and spectral uniformity and
provides adequate responsivity or D-star to
allow 200mK noise equivalent temperature
difference (NEDT) operation across the
LWIR passband. Assembly of the system is
nearly complete. After completion,
alignment results will be presented which
show low keystone and smile distortion.
This is required to minimize spatial-spectral
mixing between adjacent spectral channels
and spatial positions. Predictions show the
system will have adequate signal to noise for
laboratory calibration targets.
Introduction:
The Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) has a
long history in developing science-grade
imaging spectrometers for remote sensing
applications. Examples include the Airborne
Visible Infrared Imaging Spectrometer
1
(AVIRIS) and more recently a compact
Offner type imaging spectrometer called the
Moon Mineralogical Mapper
2
(M
3
). The
current effort involves completing the
Hyperspectral Thermal Emission
Spectrometer (HyTES) which is being
developed under the NASA Instrument
Incubator Program (IIP). HyTES brings
together numerous in-house specialties such
as optical design and general spectrometer
alignment optimization, precision slit
fabrication, high efficiency and low scatter
concave diffraction grating design and
fabrication, precision mechanical and
machining capability and quantum well
infrared photo detectors (QWIP) focal plane
arrays.
HyTES will operate between 7.5 and 12 µm.
Spectral information from this wavelength
range is extremely valuable for Earth
Science research. The airborne instrument
will be used in support of the HyspIRI
mission. This mission was recommended by
the National Research Council in their Earth
Science Decadal Survey. The HyspIRI
mission includes a visible shortwave
infrared (SWIR) spectrometer and a