Research Article Mandibular Canine Dimorphism in Establishing Sex Identity in the Lebanese Population Fouad Ayoub, 1 Loubna Shamseddine, 2 Mohamad Rifai, 3 Antoine Cassia, 4 Randa Diab, 4 Ibrahim Zaarour, 4 Maria Saadeh, 5,6 and Georges Rouhana 7 1 Department of Basic Sciences, School of Dentistry, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon 2 Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon 3 Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon 4 Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon 5 Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon 6 Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Lebanon 7 Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon Correspondence should be addressed to Fouad Ayoub; prof.ayoub@intracom.net.lb Received 1 December 2013; Accepted 30 December 2013; Published 10 February 2014 Academic Editor: Toni Zeinoun Copyright © 2014 Fouad Ayoub et al. Tis is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Background and Objective. In forensic investigations, mandibular canines provide excellent materials to identify gender since they are more likely to survive disasters. Te objective of this study was to investigate gender dimorphism by comparing the mesiodistal width of mandibular permanent canines and intercanine distance in a group of Lebanese population. Methods. Participants consisted of undergraduate students from the School of Dentistry, Lebanese University, for two academic years who fulflled the inclusion criteria. Canine widths and intercanine distance were measured by one operator directly on dental casts using a digital caliper. Results. One hundred thirty-three Lebanese dental students (54 males and 69 females) aged 18–25 were included in the study. Te intercanine distance was signifcantly greater in males (P value < 0.0001). Te right and the lef canine widths were signifcantly greater in males than in females (P value < 0.0001). However, no signifcant diference was found between lef and right canines for males (P value > 0.05) and females (P value > 0.05). Te mean width of canine was greater than 7.188 mm for males. Conclusion. Te parameters measured in the present study are of great help in sex identifcation in forensic investigations in the Lebanese adult population. 1. Introduction Although the degree of dimorphism varies within diferent populations, sexual variation in the human skeleton and dentition is of great concern for anthropologists [1–4]. Sexual dimorphism refers to diferences in size and form between males and females that can be applied to dental identifcation. In contemporary human populations, males have larger tooth crowns than females [5–8]. Consequently, tooth size standards based on odontometric investigations could be a reliable method in sex determination when limited skeletal remnants are recovered or are confusing [9–11]. Mandibular canines are considered as the “key teeth” for personal identifcation since they are the last teeth to be extracted with respect to age, they are less afected than other teeth by oral diseases, and are better likely to survive severe trauma such as air disaster, hurricane, or fre [2]. Recent studies have shown that the most dimorphic tooth is the mandibular canine and it can be of immense medicolegal use in identifcation [3, 5, 8]. Te measure of the coronal tissue proportions of permanent mandibular canines suggests that males have heavier teeth and more dentin than their female counterparts [1]. Te mesiodistal measure of mandibular canine and the mandibular intercanine distance are a simple inexpensive method that could be useful in forensic odontol- ogy establishing sex identity, and is of particular interest in adults aged 18–25 years [9, 10, 12–15]. Hindawi Publishing Corporation International Journal of Dentistry Volume 2014, Article ID 235204, 4 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/235204